                       THE BRAILLE MONITOR

                         November, 1986

                    Kenneth Jernigan, Editor


     Published in inkprint, Braille, on talking-book disc, 
                        and cassette by 


              THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE BLIND 
                     MARC MAURER, PRESIDENT 
 


                         National Office
                       1800 Johnson Street
                   Baltimore, Maryland 21230 

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             should be sent to the National Office. 

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made payable to National Federation of the Blind and sent to: 
 

                National Federation of the Blind
                       1800 Johnson Street
                   Baltimore, Maryland 21230 

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THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE BLIND IS NOT AN ORGANIZATION
SPEAKING FOR THE BLIND--IT IS THE BLIND SPEAKING FOR THEMSELVES

ISSN 0006-8829

                  NFB NET BBS:  (612) 696-1975
               WorldWide Web:  http://www.nfb.org
CONTENTS
                                                           
NOVEMBER 1986

MESSAGE TO THE MEMBERS by Kenneth Jernigan

IN MEMORIAM--LAWRENCE (MUZZY) MARCELINO by Kenneth Jernigan

MUZZY MARCELINO, MAN OF INTEGRITY by Hazel tenBroek

SCHOLARSHIPS

CONFRONTATION WITH THE AIRLINES INCREASES by Kenneth Jernigan

UNITED AIRLINES EXPOSED--SHARON GOLD AND OTHER CALIFORNIANS
ARRESTED CHARGES DROPPED 

UNITED AIRLINES DISREGARDS PASSENGER SAFETY CAUSES LIFE
THREATENING SITUATION

TWA BEHAVES AS USUAL--FRED SCHROEDER ARRESTED 

MORE ABOUT TWA--BARBARA PIERCE WRITES A LETTER

AIRLINE BEHAVIOR--LIQUOR, INCOMPETENCE, AND EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR   
  by John W. Smith

NO TROUBLE WITH THE EXIT ROW
HOW DO THEY DETERMINE WHO IS BLIND? 

NEW YORK AIR PRACTICES ROUTINE RUDENESS 

REPUBLIC AIRLINES REPRESENTATIVE SHOWS ENLIGHTENMENT  

UNITED AIRLINES: EXCESS LIQUOR, WHIMSICAL BEHAVIOR
AND LACK OF CONCERN FOR SAFETY by David Ticchi

OF SPIDERS AND OTHER THINGS 

OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION IN 1986 

HAVE YOU HEARD??? 

THE ROMANCE OF BLINDNESS by Lauri Klobas

THE ROCKY ROAD OF THIEL by Kenneth Jernigan

PLEASE SAVE ME THE EXIT ROW SEAT
A FIRST TIMER'S LOOK AT A NATIONAL CONVENTION by Dan Barrett

A READER COMMENTS ON "MR. SUNSHINE"

MR. SUNSHINE--AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR THE BLIND GETS INTO THE ACT
JEFFREY TAMBOR COMMENTS by Kenneth Jernigan


PROCLAMATION  

FROM A RECENT LETTER FROM GERTRUDE WARD

BILL GRIMM AND COMPUTER AIDS CORPORATION MAKE ANNOUNCEMENTS

RECIPES  

MONITOR MINIATURES


Copyright, National Federation of the Blind, Inc., 1986
MESSAGE TO THE MEMBERS

by Kenneth Jernigan


  As Federationists know, we are in the process of remodeling the
facilities at the National Center for the Blind in Baltimore.  Of
course, this is not new.  We have been at it ever since we
purchased the Center in the middle of 1978.
  However, something which is about to happen is quite new and of
immediate importance to Federationists throughout the country. 
We have now completed renovation of the space on the ground floor
level of the Johnson Street wing.  This means that we can move
our aids, appliances, materials, and literature from the fourth
floor (where they are now housed) to the ground floor level. 
This will save the labor and inconvenience of taking new
shipments to the fourth floor, processing them there, and then
bringing them back down to the loading dock to be sent out in
response to orders.  But the task of taking everything off the
shelves, getting it from the fourth floor to the new space in the
Johnson Street wing, getting it processed and inventoried, and
putting it back on the shelves is going to be overwhelming.  When
we moved our operations from Des Moines to Baltimore, nine semis
were required for the job.  What we had then was nothing compared
to what we have now.  We have at least ten times as much--maybe
more.  It will take all of the man- and woman-power and all of
the skill and energy we can muster.  In this connection Ray
McGeorge will be in the National Office for a ten-day period
early in October (this is being written in late September) to
help with the work.
  So what is all of this leading to?  Just this:  When we are in
the process of moving, we cannot fill orders.  Therefore, we want
to give everybody as much notice as we can so that as little
inconvenience as possible will be caused.  We will not process
any orders for aids, appliances, literature, or materials between
December 15, 1986, and February 1, 1987.  Moreover, during that
time we will have very little opportunity to deal with long
telephone calls of explanation about the matter.  We want the
moving to take as little time as possible, so between December 15
and February 1 we will be spending all of our effort getting
through with it.
  We know that Christmas is coming.  We know that it is an
inconvenience for the service to be interrupted.  We know that
there will be items which people will forget to order and need to
have during the interim.  Nevertheless, the decision has been
made.  It is a necessity, and there can be no exceptions or
bending of the rule.  Otherwise, the period of moving and
interrupted service will be prolonged, causing expense to the
Federation and inconvenience to the membership.
  Please pay heed to this announcement-- and help us spread the
word so that all who need to know will be informed.  If we
receive an order (not if it is postmarked but if we actually
receive it) before December 15, 1986, we will try to process it. 
If we receive it after December 15 (yes, I mean even if we
receive it at eight o'clock on the morning of December 16, 1986),
we will hold it until after February 1, 1987.  All orders which
reach us between December 15 and February 1 will be dealt with
after February 1, which means that there will be a log jam to
process.  In other words the fact that we have an order in hand
does not mean that we can send it out on February 1.  It means
that we will work as hard as we can and send it as soon as we are
able.
  Incidentally, we are considering finding someone whose
popularity we wish to enhance and appointing him or her to handle
all inquiries and complaints about this matter.  This person
would, of course, be responsible for all delays, mix-ups, and
other problems.  If you should wish to apply for the job, let us
know--but not between December 15, 1986, and February 1, 1987.


IN MEMORIAM

LAWRENCE (MUZZY) MARCELINO

by Kenneth Jernigan


  The ranks of the blind of the first generation of the National
Federation of the Blind are thinning, but the recognition of
their contribution continues to grow with each passing year. 
They came to maturity at a critical time in the history of the
blind, and only now (with the perspective of almost half a
century) is the full magnitude of their accomplishment beginning
to be understood.  They were dedicated, determined, and
resourceful--and none was more so than Lawrence (Muzzy)
Marcelino.  He would not have thought of himself as a pioneer,
but he was.
  I reflected on these and many other things when Sharon Gold
called me on Sunday, September 14, 1986, to tell me of Muzzy's
death.  I had known and worked closely with Muzzy for over thirty
years--and suddenly he was gone.  As I talked with Sharon, there
was of course a feeling of sadness, but this was not the
predominant emotion.  Muzzy had led a long and full life; his
last day was filled with the kind of activity he would have
chosen if he could have planned it; and his death was not
prolonged with pain and suffering.  Most of all, as I talked with
Sharon, I remembered.
  I first met Muzzy in Nashville in 1952.  It was the convention
of the National Federation of the Blind--my first, but not
Muzzy's.  He was part of that group of California leaders (first
generation NFB but second generation California) who put the
National Federation of the Blind together and spread it
throughout the country.  He was in Tennessee, and I was state
president, but he was not like most of the blind people I knew in
the Tennessee of that period.  He had about him an air of
purpose, of being at the center of things, which distinguished
the California leaders of the early fifties.
  From the time I moved to the Bay Area of California in 1953 to
the time of Muzzy's death in 1986 we were closely associated on a
continuing basis.  In 1953 he was a state rehabilitation
counselor and I was a member of the faculty of the California
Orientation Center.  He helped me learn about the California laws
affecting the blind and about the details and structure of the
Federation in the state.  In the summer of that first year there
were many meetings at Dr. tenBroek's home in Berkeley--meetings
about California and also about the Federation in other parts of
the country.  At every one of them Muzzy was present.
  It was only by degrees that I learned some of the details of
Muzzy's background.  He was born in Livingston, California, June
2, 1913, so at the time of his death he was seventy-three.  He
attended the state school for the blind and later the University
of California at Berkeley, graduating in 1938.  He was married in
January of 1953, and he and his wife Frances had a daughter
(Holly), who was born in 1956.
  In 1942 Muzzy moved to San Diego to take a job as a social
worker in the county welfare department.  He immediately became
active in the local affiliate of the Federation and fought to
help eliminate the visual acuity requirement for the position of
Field Service Worker for the Blind (home teacher).  "The chief
proponent of this requirement was the then Superintendent of the
Training Center for the Adult Blind in Oakland.  Muzzy and his
cohorts stirred up a great deal of opposition to that
requirement, which was finally discarded by the State Personnel
Board. . . . After leaving the San Diego County Public Welfare
position, Muzzy spent a year as a Rehabilitation and Education
Aide for the U.S. War Department at Dibble Hospital in San Mateo,
followed by a year as a Training Officer for the Veterans
Administration, then twelve years as a Rehabilitation Counselor
for the Blind in the State Department of Education.  Form 1961 to
1980 Muzzy was employed as a broker by the Mutual Fund Associates
of San Francisco." [Footnote 1]
  I believe that Muzzy attended his first NFB state convention
(the affiliate was then known as the California Council of the
Blind) in 1943, and it is said that he probably missed only one
during the rest of his life.  Of course, he attended countless
conventions in other states during the years, and he was very
actively a part of every national convention.  He arrived early
and stayed late.
  I am not sure when Muzzy was first elected to the Board of the
National Federation of the Blind, but he was elected Corporate
Secretary in 1970.  He served in that capacity until the early
1980's, at which time he asked that his name not be placed in
nomination for another term.  He became a member of the Board of
the American Brotherhood for the Blind as early as the 1950's and
continued until the time of his death.  From 1969 he served as
Second Vice President of the Brotherhood.  He was also one of the
original incorporators of the Jacobus tenBroek Memorial Fund and
was serving, at the time of his death, as Secretary-Treasurer. 
There was no task too difficult or too humble for Muzzy to
undertake.
  Muzzy was active in the Unitarian Church.  He was also
(something which would surprise many who knew him only in his
capacity as a Federationist) an avid participant in the Rose
Society of San Francisco.  He loved flowers and, particularly,
roses.
  He loved good food and good restaurants.  He loved to visit his
friends.  He loved the Federation.  He loved the action and
bustle of working to get legislation passed and bring new members
into the movement.  In short, he loved life--and now he is gone.
  He died of a massive heart attack at about three o'clock on
Sunday morning, September 14, 1986, and the following day he was
cremated.  He was a member of the Neptune Society, which handled
the cremation and scattered his ashes over the Pacific Ocean.  On
September 22 a memorial service was held for him at the First
Unitarian Church in San Francisco.  He was much loved, and
several hundred people came to the service to mourn his death and
show respect for his indomitable spirit.  President Marc Maurer
was there representing the National Federation of the Blind, and
after the minister had conducted the service President Maurer
spoke.  Among other things, he said:
  "I first met Muzzy in 1969.  He was a seasoned veteran in the
battle of the blind for independence, already having more than a
quarter of a century of service in the National Federation of the
Blind to his credit.  He was tough, plain spoken, gentle, and
generous.  He was a man with a warm heart and a kind word.  He
was a man to be trusted--one who never wavered.  He was rock
solid in his commitment and understanding.  Thousands of blind
people throughout the nation knew and loved him because of his
work in the National Federation of the Blind.  We will no longer
hear that resonant voice which cried out for justice, but the
spirit which evoked the voice will always be with us--still
alive, still vibrant.  Muzzy, we are your brothers and sisters,
and we will not forget."
  Gary Mackenstadt, a member of the Board of Directors of the
American Brotherhood for the Blind, was present and spoke of
Muzzy's many years of dedicated service as an officer and Board
Member of the American Brotherhood for the Blind, helping provide
Twin Vision books so that sighted parents and blind children or
blind parents and sighted children might read together, and
making information available to the deaf-blind.  All of this (and
more) was part of Muzzy's work with the Brotherhood--
scholarships for blind college students, business loans for the
blind, and direct assistance to those who would not otherwise
have had it.
  The next to speak was Sharon Gold, President of the National
Federation of the Blind of California.  She reviewed Muzzy's work
in the state affiliate and his efforts in the California
Legislature.  She talked of his commitment and dedication and
voiced the grief of the blind of California at his death.  She
went on to say:
  "I last spoke with Muzzy on Saturday morning, September 13, and
we made plans for him to go to Sacramento during the following
week to perform his duties as Treasurer of the NFB of California. 
Muzzy told me of his plans to attend our Bay Area Chapter meeting
that afternoon, a plan which he completed and which included
meeting a blind person at a designated place along his public
transportation route and bringing this person with him to the
meeting to become a new member of the Federation.
  "When we think of Muzzy we shall remember his joyous greetings
and his proud carriage of his white cane, which he frequently
called his 'horse.'  We shall always remember how he sought out
blind students and spoke with them of the importance of education
and encouraged them to learn and use the alternative techniques
of blindness, including Braille, and the endless value of the
slate and stylus; further, we shall always remember how Muzzy
likened the Federation to an army and how he taught us to be
soldiers in the trenches; and finally, we shall always remember
Muzzy's lesson to us that it is respectable to be blind."
  The next to speak was Hazel tenBroek, the widow of Dr. Jacobus
tenBroek, who founded the National Federation of the Blind.  She
talked movingly and eloquently of Muzzy's dedication to the
movement and his work to make life better for the blind.  She
gave particular emphasis to his integrity and steadfastness of
purpose, both in good times and bad.  Her remarks are printed
elsewhere in this issue of the Monitor.
  As I have already said, the memorial service was held on
September 22.  On September 23 the California Senate adjourned in
Muzzy's memory.  In a letter to Sharon Gold Senator Henry Mello,
Chairman of the Senate Committee on Aging, said:
  "Enclosed is a copy of the Senate Journal with the adjournment
in memory of Lawrence (Muzzy) Marcelino.  Muzzy was a helpful
presence in the Capitol over many years and will be greatly
missed."
  The memorial service is now finished, and the tribute from the
California Senate has been given.  Muzzy's ashes have been
scattered at sea, and his voice will no longer be heard in the
legislative halls or on the convention floor.  How difficult it
is to accept the fact emotionally that Muzzy is gone.
  Courage has been defined as fear faced with resolution.  If
that is a true definition, then Muzzy was an extremely courageous
man, for he was often afraid--but he was never a coward.  He
never ducked unpleasant tasks.  He never asked others to do what
he was not willing to do himself, and he had more genuine
humility than most of the people I have ever known.  It has not
been easy to write this article, for I loved Muzzy as a brother
and a colleague.  He was one of my closest associates and
friends.  His passing reminds me of my own mortality.  I shall
miss him terribly--and so will the blind of the nation.

FOOTNOTES:

1. A History of the California Council of the Blind 1934-1969, by
Perry Sundquist.


MUZZY MARCELINO

MAN OF INTEGRITY

by Hazel tenBroek


  Oscar Wilde once noted that "most modern calendars mar the
sweet simplicity of our lives by reminding us that each day that
passes is the anniversary of some perfectly uninteresting event." 
For Muzzy Marcelino (heaven help the poor wretch who might
address him as Larry) there were no such days.  His passion for
bringing the justice due under first-class citizenship to every
blind person in the country clad the most commonplace chore with
excitement.  He served individual blind people, the local
chapters of the National Federation of the Blind, the state
organizations, and the entirety of the National Federation of the
Blind with joy.  Not that Muzzy was a saint.  He did his share of
grumbling but usually at the method or about his unnecessary
self-doubt in meeting a challenge.
  He was sent on many missions for the National Federation of the
Blind to almost every state in the Union, including Alaska and
Hawaii, and he went-- sometimes with fear and trepidation about
the traveling.  But fear or no, he went.  He tramped the halls of
the national capitol and the state legislature tirelessly.  In
Sacramento Muzzy was a legend in his own time.  Secretaries,
aides, legislators, and waitresses all addressed him by name and
with affection.
  In the long years that he edited the organization's publication
in California, his preference for elegance, clarity, and correct
usage in language was apparent.  Muzzy's most outstanding trait
was his gentle soul.  He was frequently angry, but rarely on his
own account. He preferred to say yes rather than no.  He wore the
crown of leadership uneasily.  He knew well that he was a good
lieutenant, and he would rather follow orders than give them. 
Sometimes this led to difficulties, but usually his good humor
took command.  For the period that he served the California
affiliate as President, we were all giving him advice.  For the
most part, we wanted him to be successful for his own sake, as
well as for the sake of the organization.  Two good friends, one
in the north and one in the south, took him in hand.  He
christened them Nagatha North and Nagatha South.  At times he
felt beset and George Canning's lines came to mind:

Give me the avowed, erect, and manly foe, Firm I can
meet,--perhaps return the
 blow!
But of all plagues, good Heaven, thy wrath can send,
Save, oh, save me from the candid friend!

  But though he complained and fussed, it was done with love on
all sides.  But Muzzy was a leader whether he held office or not. 
Many turned to him for personal or career advice, and he gave
them what he perceived to be a truthful reply--the best that his
knowledge and experience had to offer.
  Muzzy was, most of all, my friend--a steady hand, a shoulder on
which to rest a weary head, an arm on which to lean when overcome
with grief, and, always, an understanding and compassionate mind
with which to work out all manner of problems and against which
to try ideas.  For Muzzy, too, could be candid.  He did not
withhold his thoughts or his feelings, but gave all he had.
  Much has been written about friendship.  Nicholas Grimald
wrote: "Of all the heavenly gifts that mortal men commend; what
trusty treasure in the world can countervail a friend."  And
Ecclesiasticus says: "A faithful friend is the medicine of life." 
But Ralph Waldo Emerson summed it up well: "A friend may well be
reckoned the masterpiece of nature."  Muzzy Marcelino was,
indeed, such a masterpiece.


SCHOLARSHIPS


  In 1984 the National Federation of the Blind dramatically upped
the number and size of the scholarships which it awarded.  The
1985 and 1986 programs were substantially increased.  The same is
true for the coming year.
  In 1987 twenty-five outstanding blind students will receive
scholarships from the Federation totaling $67,000 in case plus
payment of their expenses to the National Federation of the Blind
convention in Phoenix during late June and early July.  Ten
scholars will receive awards of $1,800; one scholar will receive
an award of $2,000; ten scholars will receive awards of $2,500;
three scholars will receive awards of $4,000; and one scholar
will receive a $10,000 scholarship.
  The Federation's commitment to excellence and achievement is
long-standing.  We have made this commitment real through our
many Federation programs and projects.  No Federation activity
spotlights excellence and achievement more than our scholarship
program, through which we honor and encourage America's
distinguished blind students.
  The Scholarship Committee for 1987
(their terms expire December 31, 1987) consists of the following
thirty people:  Peggy Pinder, Iowa, Chairman; Russell Anderson,
Indiana; Adrienne Asch, New York; Jan Bailey, Minnesota; Michael
Bailiff, California; Steve Benson, Illinois; Jacquilyn Billey,
Connecticut; Suzanne Bridges, Louisiana; Charles Brown, Virginia;
Tami Dodd, Michigan; Joanne Fernandes, Louisiana; Priscilla
Ferris, Massachusetts; Norman Gardner, Idaho; Sharon Gold,
California; Charles Hallenbeck, Kansas; John Halverson, Virginia;
Allen Harris, Michigan; David Hyde, Oregon; Scott LaBarre,
Minnesota; Gary Mackenstadt; Washington; Ronald Matias, Indiana;
Darrel Nather, Alaska; Homer Page, Colorado; Barbara Pierce,
Ohio; Mary Ellen Reihing, Maryland; David Robinson, Nebraska;
Fred Schroeder, New Mexico; Karl Smith, Utah; Ramona Walhof,
Idaho; and Ehab Yamini, Georgia.
  Our Scholarship Application Form (copy reproduced at the end of
this article) consists of a single legal-sized page with printing
on both sides.  It will be noted that the form lists only twenty-
four scholarships.  We did not have the data in time to list the
twenty-fifth scholarship on the form.  It is the Francis Urbanek
Memorial Scholarship.  This scholarship (in the amount of $1,800)
will be awarded at the 1987 NFB convention.  It is being given by
Joe Urbanek, who is a member of the board of directors of the NFB
of South Carolina, in memory of his brother Francis, who died in
January of 1986 at the age of eighteen.  Only blind high school
graduates entering their freshman year of college are eligible
for this scholarship.  Even though the Francis Urbanek
Scholarship is not listed on the printed form, all eligible
applicants will be considered for it.
  We are making an initial printing of thirty thousand of our
scholarship forms.  They will be sent to every college and
university in the country, every agency doing work with the
blind, every Congressional office, every NFB state president, and
every member of the Scholarship Committee.  They will also be
sent to anyone requesting them.  These are worthwhile
scholarships, which will be of real assistance to blind students. 
The news about our scholarship program should be disseminated as
widely as possible.  To receive forms or to obtain further
information contact Peggy Pinder, Chairman, National Federation
of the Blind Scholarship Committee, 814 - 4th Avenue, Suite 200,
Grinnell, Iowa 50112; (515) 236-3366.  Forms can also be had by
writing to: Scholarships, National Federation of the Blind, 1800
Johnson Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21230.  Here is the
Scholarship Form:

--------------------

National Federation of the Blind 1987 Scholarship Program

  Each year the National Federation of the Blind offers a broad
array of scholarships. These scholarships are bestowed at the
Federation's Annual Convention in early July and are given to
blind persons pursuing or planning to pursue a full-time
post-secondary course of training or study. We are currently
offering the following:
  1. Ezra Davis Memorial Scholarship.
A scholarship, in the amount of $10,000, has been endowed by Ezra
Davis through his last will and testament and by the American
Brotherhood for the Blind, a private agency which works to assist
blind persons. Applicants for this scholarship must be legally
blind and studying (or planning to study) at the post-secondary
level. There is no restriction as to gender, graduate or
undergraduate level, or field of study.
  2. National Federation of the Blind Merit Scholarships.
Eighteen of these scholarships (three in the amount of $4,000;
seven in the amount of $2,500; and eight in the amount of $1,800)
will be given this year. Applicants for these scholarships must
be legally blind and studying (or planning to study) at the
post-secondary level. There is no restriction as to gender,
graduate or undergraduate level, or field of study.
  3. Howard Brown Rickard Scholar- ship. This scholarship, in the
amount of $2,500 this year, is awarded annually.  Only students
in certain fields of study are eligible because the donor of the
scholarship wanted to encourage the blind to enter those fields.
The scholarship was established by Thomas E.  Rickard in honor of
his father, Howard Brown Rickard. Any legally blind university
student in the professions of law, medicine, engineering,
architecture, or the natural sciences, including undergraduates
in these fields, is eligible to apply.
  4. Hermione Grant Calhoun Scholar- ships. Two of these
scholarships (each in the amount of $2,500 this year) are awarded
annually. Dr. Isabelle Grant established the Hermione Grant
Calhoun Scholarships in memory of her daughter.  These
scholarships are awarded to legally blind female students for
education at the college level.
  5. Frank Walton Horn Memorial Scholarship.  A scholarship in
the amount of $2,000, known as the Frank Walton Horn Memorial
Scholarship, has been given by Mr. and Mrs. Charles E.  Barnum,
the mother and stepfather of Catherine Horn Randall.  Applicants
for this scholarship must be legally blind and studying (or
planning to study) at the post-secondary level.  There is no
restriction as to gender, graduate or undergraduate level, or
field of study, but preference will be given to those studying
architecture or engineering.
  6. Melva T. Owen Memorial Scholar- ship. This scholarship, in
the amount of $1,800 this year, is given annually.  This
scholarship is given in memory of Melva T. Owen, who was widely
known and loved among the blind. She and her husband Charles Owen
became acquainted with increasing numbers of blind people through
their work in the "Voicepondence" Club. In the words of Charles
Owen, "There shall be no limitation as to field of study, except
that it shall be directed towards attaining financial
independence, and shall exclude religion and those seeking only
to further their general or cultural education." Applicants must
be legally blind.
  Criteria. All scholarships administered by the Federation are
awarded on the basis of academic excellence, service to the
community, and financial need.
  Membership. The National Federation of the Blind is an
organization dedicated to creating opportunities for all blind
persons. In furtherance of this goal, we have established our
scholarship program. Recipients of Federation scholarships need
not be members of the National Federation of the Blind.
  Deadline. Applications for National Federation of the Blind
scholarships must be submitted by March 31 of the year in which
the scholarship is to be awarded. Applications for scholarships
will be accepted through March 31 for scholarships to be awarded
next July.
  Making Application. To apply for National Federation of the
Blind scholarships, complete and return the application on the
reverse side of this sheet. Multiple applications are
unnecessary. The Scholarship Committee will consider each
applicant as a candidate for all scholarships for which he or she
qualifies. Please provide all the information requested where
applicable to you. Please attach to your application all the
additional documents requested on the application. Send the
completed application and attachments to:  Miss Peggy Pinder,
Chairman, National Federation of the Blind Scholarship Committee,
814 - 4th Avenue, Suite 200, Grinnell, Iowa 50112; (515)
236-3366.
  Reapplication. In the past we have often awarded scholarships
to persons who were applying for the second or third time.
Applicants must re-submit their applications each year by March
31 to be considered for scholarships to be awarded in July.
Persons who have previously applied are encouraged to apply
again.
  Winners. Each year our Scholarship
Committee reviews all applications and selects the top candidates
as scholarship winners. These winners, the same number of winners
as there are scholarships to award, will be notified of their
selection as winners by June 1 and will be brought to the
National Federation of the Blind convention in July at Federation
expense. This is in addition to the scholarship grants.
Regardless of precisely which scholarship a winner receives, it
is a mark of distinction and an honor to be chosen as a
Federation scholarship winner. The winners are America's finest
blind students.
  The National Federation of the Blind Convention is the largest
gathering of blind persons (more than 2,000) to occur anywhere in
the nation each year. You will be able to meet with other blind
students and exchange information and ideas, and you will also be
able to meet and talk with blind people who are successfully
functioning in your chosen profession or occupation. Federal
officials, Congressmen and Senators, and the makers and
distributors of new technology attend Federation Conventions.
Above all, a broad cross section of the most active segment of
the blind population of the United States will be present to
discuss common problems, exchange information and ideas, and plan
for concerted action. It is an interesting and exciting week.
  Awards. The day before the Convention Banquet the Scholarship
Committee will meet to determine which winners will receive which
scholarships. The scholarship awards will be made during the
Banquet.

--------------------

National Federation of the Blind Scholarship Application Form

  Please read carefully the reverse side of this form for
instructions and an explanation of how the scholarship program
works.  This form may be photocopied, but only if the reverse
side (containing rules of the scholarship program) is included.
  To apply for a scholarship, complete this application form,
providing all the requested information applicable to you and
attaching all the requested documents. Mail the completed
application and attachments or address any questions to: Miss
Peggy Pinder, Chairman, National Federation of the Blind
Scholarship Committee, 814 - 4th Avenue, Suite 200, Grinnell,
Iowa 50112, (515) 236-3366.

DEADLINE: MARCH 31, 1987

Name (please include any maiden or other names by which you have
been known):

Date of birth:

We want to know how to reach you.  Please give your current
addresses and phone numbers for home and school.

School address:

School phone number:

Home address:

Home phone number:

Institution being attended in the spring semester of 1987, with
class standing (freshman, senior, third-year student, etc.):

Cumulative grade point average at this institution:

Institution to be attended in fall of 1987, with class standing. 
(Please provide this information by separate letter if you are
admitted to your school of choice after submitting your completed
application):

List all post-secondary institutions you have attended with
highest class standing attained and cumulative grade point
average:

High school attended and cumulative grade point:

Vocational goal:

State your major:

Awards and honors (attach list if necessary):

Community service (attach list if necessary):

Please attach the following documents to your completed
application:

1. Applicant's Letter. Along with your application, send us a
letter: What schools have you attended? What school do you plan
to attend during the coming year? What honors have you achieved? 
What have you done to deal with situations involving your
blindness? What are you like as a person? What are your goals and
aspirations? How will the scholarship help you?

2. Two Letters of Recommendation.

3. Transcripts. Provide a current transcript from the institution
you are attending as well as transcripts from all post-secondary
institutions you have attended. If you have not yet attended an
institution of higher learning or have not completed one year of
study at such an institution, provide a high school transcript.

4. Letter from Federation Officer.  Include a letter from a state
officer of the National Federation of the Blind evidencing the
fact that you have discussed your scholarship application with
that officer. It is preferable but not mandatory that you discuss
your application with the State President of the Federation. If
you do not have the name and address of the Federation President
in your state, we will provide it to you upon request.

CONFRONTATION WITH THE AIRLINES INCREASES

by Kenneth Jernigan


  Until a few years ago, the blind had very few problems with the
airlines.  We bought our tickets, boarded the planes, and rode
like anybody else.  If assistance was needed in boarding or
deplaning, it was asked for and given without any fanfare.  It
was simply part of the normal routine of flying.
  But that was another time, almost another world.  Today there
is growing confrontation, and there is every sign that it will
increase greatly (very much greatly) before it gets better.  For
the past several years (and, especially, since the infamous case
involving Steve and Nadine Jacobson in the summer of 1985--see
August-September, 1985, Braille Monitor) we have been reporting
the cases involving abuse of blind persons by airline officials. 
Now, the abuse has reached a new peak of viciousness.
  Since several thousand blind people attend the convention of
the National Federation of the Blind each year and since blind
persons are more and more determined to resist custodialism and
second-class treatment, the period from late June to early August
is the time when the incidents multiply.
  Traveling to and from this year's convention, blind persons
experienced massive and widespread abuse by employees of the
airlines.  Several people were arrested for violating federal
regulations which did not exist, and others were subjected to
treatment which would hardly be believed if it were not described
in detail and verified by witnesses.  In this issue of the
Monitor we present a panoramic view of airline conduct as it has
been for the past few months and as it continues today.
  As the facts are set forth, the situation is certainly not
reassuring--not just for the blind but for anybody who travels by
air.  There is no consistency--no rationale for what is done.  A
passenger is arbitrarily moved from a nonexit row seat into the
exit row and then verbally abused and threatened because his cane
is allegedly blocking the exit row aisle.  Liquor carts are
parked in that same exit row aisle, blocking it; and a passenger
is told by a flight attendant that if he intends to drive when he
arrives at the airport, she will not sell him another drink.  He
gives her his word, and she pours more liquor for him.
  A plane is delayed.  A flight attendant goes into an emotional
tantrum and has to be taken off.  In the meantime free drinks are
poured to compensate for the delay (a customary practice), and
many of the passengers get drunk and live it up with airline
complicity.  When the whim strikes, blind passengers are treated
like normal human beings (even when they are seated in exit rows)
and everything is peaches and cream.  A female ground agent tries
to make a blind businessman ride in a golf cart instead of
walking, and when he courteously declines, she treats him like a
little child and seeks to jolly him along by telling him how
pretty she is.  With understandable annoyance he lets it be known
that he is not a candidate for seduction.  There are uglier
incidents.  United Airlines officials insist that there are
federal regulations preventing blind persons from sitting in exit
rows.  They lie to the police, incite other passengers against
blind passengers, and try to get blind passengers to deplane by
lying to them about whether the flight is being canceled.  Flight
attendants remove their name badges so that they cannot be
identified as they intensify their abuse.  After inciting the
passengers, airline personnel do nothing to try to stop physical
attacks upon blind persons who are guilty of nothing but refusing
to move from the seats to which they were assigned.
  While sanctimoniously talking about obeying the law, airline
officials violate the law themselves.  They sign blank complaints
against blind passengers, the complaints being filled out by the
police after the airplane in question has gone.  Airline
employees undertake to make blind persons move from an exit row
so that they may place a frail, elderly lady in it.  They do not
identify blind people as being blind.  They make blind people
move from exit rows while knowingly permitting people who are
unable to walk to remain seated there.  The air conditioning in
the airplane fails; the compass fails; and the integrity fails.
  Going home from this summer's convention in Kansas City, Sharon
Gold and other Californians were badgered by United Airlines
officials and placed in a situation where their very lives were
in danger.  The danger was created by United Airlines employees,
who deliberately tried to incite other passengers against the
blind.  Fred Schroeder, Director of the New Mexico Commission for
the Blind, was also arrested.  So was Jan Uribes of California. 
Jan Uribes is diabetic and needed food.  At Bakersfield,
California, United Airlines employees caused her to be removed
from a seat which she had occupied all the way from Denver.  They
left her in the Bakersfield airport without money for food and
refused to honor her ticket for the remainder of her trip to
Fresno.
  Larry Krejci, President of the
National Federation of the Blind of Hawaii, is relatively new to
the Federation.  He attended his first national convention this
summer in Kansas City.  When he and his wife Olga, along with
their small baby, went to the Kansas City airport, they were
assigned seats in the exit row of the airplane.  They had not
asked for these seats, and they were obviously blind.
  After they were seated, the usual badgering and abuse began. 
Larry asked Olga to take the baby and move to another part of the
plane.  He told her that he would stand his ground and that she
should meet him in Chicago, which was the next stop on their
trip.
  A man and a woman, who identified themselves as Kansas City
police, came to Larry's seat and told him they were placing him
under arrest and removing him from the plane.  They were not
Kansas City police but airport security agents.  The woman
ultimately agreed with Larry and told him that if she had been in
his situation, she would have behaved exactly as he behaved.  He
was ultimately able to book passage on another flight to Chicago,
where he met Olga and the baby and continued home to Hawaii.
  It must be emphasized that the material contained in this issue
of the Monitor is only a fragment of the total picture.  It is
not exaggeration to say that the blind of the nation are now in
crisis and that nothing less than physical safety, our right to
be free, and our dignity as human beings is involved.  We are at
a critical stage of confrontation with the airlines, and we will
now make a major breakthrough and go forward or fall far back
down the ladder we have been climbing.  It is certain that we
cannot stay where we are.
  This is a call to conscience and action.  What we do during the
next year will have far-reaching implications.  It may well be a
key factor in determining whether we go on to full citizenship or
fall back to the fear and superstition of fifty years ago.  Every
person who reads this article and the ones to follow should
determine what he or she must now do and what we the organized
blind movement must do.  The decision is ours to make.  Let us
hope that we have the courage, the intelligence, the
determination, and the moral commitment to make the right
decision and to see it through to the end.


UNITED AIRLINES EXPOSED
SHARON GOLD AND OTHER CALIFORNIANS ARRESTED CHARGES DROPPED


  Returning home on July 5, 1986, from the convention of the
National Federation of the Blind in Kansas City, Sharon Gold and
other Californians were arrested under circumstances which are
reminiscent of the worst abuse heaped upon blacks during the
bleakest part of the civil rights struggle of that minority in
the 1950's.  The facts are well documented, and serious
consideration is now being given to legal action against United
Airlines.  Five affidavits follow.  They tell the story and
require little comment.  It will be noted that a fifth boarding
pass is mentioned in the affidavits.  The person in question was
sitting near the front of the plane and not involved in the
incidents which are recounted in the affidavits:

Affidavit of Sharon Gold

  I, Sharon Gold, hereby swear and depose:
  1. My name is Sharon Gold.
  2. I reside at 1233 47th Avenue, in the City of Sacramento,
which is located in the County of Sacramento, California.
  3. I am legally blind and at all times carry and use a long
white cane.
  4. I am a frequent flyer and participate in the United Airlines
Mileage Plus Program, having logged 64,875 miles through June 30,
1986.  My United Airlines Mileage Plus Statement is attached
hereto as Exhibit A.
  5. On July 5, 1986, I was a passenger on United Airlines flying
from Kansas City, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, with a
change of planes in Denver, Colorado.  My ticket receipt is
attached hereto as Exhibit B.
  6. Prior to boarding United Airlines flight #403 to fly from
Denver to Sacramento, I approached the flight check-in counter
located at Gate B-5 at the Stapleton Airport and requested my
boarding pass and seat assignment and the boarding passes and
seat assignments for four of my traveling companions from a lady
gate attendant.  At this time I also requested confirmation that
my United Airlines Mileage Plus account had been credited with my
flight miles.
  7. The lady took the five tickets from me, checked four of us
into the flight, separated the tickets from the receipts, marked
the ticket jackets with seat assignments, appropriately stuffed
the validated tickets into the ticket jackets so they would serve
as boarding passes, and returned four tickets to me along with a
receipt for the fifth ticket for which she was unable to issue a
seat assignment because of a reservation error.
  8. Approximately fifteen minutes before flight time I returned
to the gate check-in counter to receive the fifth ticket with
seat assignment.
  9. On both occasions when I approached the gate check-in
counter I was carrying and using a fifty-five-inch long white
cane, which was visible over the top of the check-in counter.
  10. At approximately 5:00 p.m. I boarded the plane and
proceeded to my assigned seat, which was 11-D, while three of my
traveling companions took their assigned seats--11-A, 11-B, and
11-C.  My ticket jacket, bearing my seat assignment, is attached
hereto as Exhibit C.
  11. Shortly after I sat in Seat 11-D, a flight attendant
approached me and in a loud voice told me that I could not sit
where I was sitting because it was an exit row.
  12. The flight attendant turned to a lady who was sitting in
10-D and loudly asked her if she would trade seats with me.  The
lady in 10-D responded affirmatively, and I noticed that the
lady's voice was obviously that belonging to a very elderly
person.
  13. The flight attendant turned back to me and demanded that I
change seats with the lady to which I responded that I was
sitting in my assigned seat and that I was perfectly comfortable.
  14. A man approached me, identified himself as Mr. Peterson (a
ground agent), and explained that I was sitting in an emergency
exit row and that I must move.  I replied that I did not know any
reason why I needed to move and that I was sitting in the seat to
which I was assigned.
  15. I was next approached by two policemen.  One policeman, who
identified himself as Officer Reeve of the Denver City Police
Department, informed me that I was in violation of an FAA
regulation by sitting in an exit row.
  16. I explained to Officer Reeve that I am familiar with the
overwing exit and am capable of opening it in an emergency, that
there is no FAA regulation prohibiting blind persons from sitting
in the exit row, and that a recent mandate had been issued to the
airlines by Elizabeth Dole (Secretary of the Department of
Transportation) ordering the airlines to cease claiming FAA
regulations where none exist.  Following this explanation,
Officer Reeve left.
  17. I later learned that Mr. Peterson, the ground agent
described in paragraph 14, was standing behind Officer Reeve, and
as I was explaining about the absence of an FAA regulation,
Officer Reeve would look at Mr. Peterson, who shook his head to
indicate that I was wrong and that there was an FAA regulation
concerning the seating of blind persons in an emergency exit row.
  18. Officer Jernigan of the Denver City Police came to row 11
and repeated that I was in violation of an FAA regulation by
sitting in my assigned seat.
  19. Additional policemen and airline officials came to my seat
and the seats of my traveling companions alternating between
requesting me to move and begging my companions to explain to me
why I could not sit in my assigned seat.
  20. One airline official came and informed my traveling
companions of the existence of an FAA regulation, but he was
followed by a second airline official who agreed with me and with
my companions that it was not an FAA regulation.
  21. The airline official described in paragraph 20 herein said
that I could not sit in the exit row because of a United Airlines
policy, to which I replied that other airlines do not have such
restrictions but instead allow blind persons to sit throughout
the aircraft.
  22. At one time an airline official came to my seat and accused
me of deliberately requesting row 11 with knowledge that it was
the exit row.  I replied that I did not request or choose to sit
in row 11, that I have sat in row 11 on many aircraft, that this
was the first time I knowingly had been on an aircraft where row
11 was located at the window exit, and that I was surprised to
find row 11 to be an exit row when I boarded this plane.
  23. During the time that all of the airline officials and the
Denver City policemen were coming to my seat, flight attendants
were circulating throughout the plane and telling passengers that
I was preventing the plane from flying.  They would point at me
and make loud and unkind remarks.  One flight attendant even
brought a passenger to my seat to bawl me out.
  24. A uniformed man came from the front of the plane,
apparently out of the cockpit, walked to the rear of the plane,
spoke to some of the passengers, opened the tail section of the
plane letting in jet fuel exhaust fumes, and then returned to the
front of the plane.
  25. Shortly after the deck crewman returned to the front of the
plane and still while the rear of the plane was open, people
began angrily shouting at me.
  26. One of the male passengers called for volunteers to help to
carry me off of the plane.  Kevin Harris, who was sitting in seat
11-C, stepped into the aisle to shield me from four men whom I
later learned were actually coming up the aisle toward me.
  27. Following this, a ruckus ensued, and Officer Reeve finally
came to settle the passengers while the tail section of the plane
was closed by someone.
  28. Officer Reeve then told me that the situation was resolved
and that we would be leaving shortly.
  29. While Officer Reeve was speaking to me, a flight attendant
went to seat 11-C and spoke with Kevin Harris asking him if he
would move into seat 11-F so that he would be sitting by the
window exit.  Mr. Harris said that he would move and promptly
moved to seat 11-F.
  30. More time passed, and passengers began asking airline
personnel why we did not leave since the airline had been
accommodated by Mr. Harris' move from seat 11-C to seat 11-F.
  31. We did not leave and remained on the ground in Denver for
another hour.
  32. Some time after seven o'clock, and more than two hours
after boarding the plane, the flight crew announced the
cancellation of the flight and the passengers were requested to
leave the plane.  Neither my three companions nor I left.
  33. As the passengers filed out of the plane, they made
derogatory remarks aimed at me and behaved in such a manner that
Kevin Harris, who was now sitting in seat 11-F, pulled me toward
him and raised his body so as to shield me from any outbreak of
violence.
  34. A man came to me, questioned me as to why I was not leaving
the plane, and ordered me to leave because he said the flight was
canceled.  I replied that he knew and I knew that the flight was
not canceled and that United Airlines only intended for me to
leave the plane so that the passengers could be reloaded to fly.
  35. The man insisted that the flight was canceled and that
United Airlines intended to take the plane to the hangar.
  36. Policemen came to my seat and repeated that the flight was
canceled ad that the plane was going to the hangar, to which I
replied that they knew and I knew that the flight was not
canceled.  I pointed out that the luggage had not been removed
from the plane.
  37. One officer said that I was now in violation of three
statutes--Denver Revised Municipal Code 38-115(a), trespass;
Colorado Revised Statute 18-9-114, hinder public transportation;
and Colorado Revised Statute 18-9-115, endangering public
transportation; but that if I would voluntarily get up out of my
seat and leave the aircraft, I would not be arrested.
  38. I unbuckled my seat belt and stood up, as did my other
three companions.  I moved into the aisle and the others
followed.
  39. The policeman blocked my path preventing me from going
forward while one officer said that he did not want any
disturbance created when we got out among the passengers, to
which I replied that I had not created the disturbance in the
plane and that I would not create a disturbance in the terminal.
  40. The officer then placed all of us under arrest.
  41. Two policemen escorted me and two of my three traveling
companions out onto the runway where we were transported by
automobile to another part of the airport, where a police office
was located.  My third companion, Kevin Harris, was escorted on
foot through the terminal to the police office.
  42. At the police office Officer Treidel refused my request to
make a telephone call to my lawyer.
  43. Officer Treidel served me with a General Session Summons
and Complaint to appear in the County Court in and for the City
and County of Denver on July 25, 1986.  The Summons and Complaint
was signed by Charles Fowler and was apparently signed in blank
prior to my arrest.  The Summons and Complaint was completed and
signed by Officer Treidel and is attached hereto as Exhibit D.  I
later learned that Charles Fowler was the Captain of United
Airlines flight #403.
  44. My three companions received similar summonses.  We were
all then released and instructed to return to United Airlines
where we were rescheduled to fly to Sacramento on United Airlines
flight #897 with a 9:01 p.m.  departure time, which was delayed
for more than one hour.
  45. My traveling companions and I did not arrive in Sacramento
until 11:45 p.m. California time, which was five hours and
fifteen minutes beyond our originally scheduled arrival time of
6:28 p.m.
  46. In Sacramento I retrieved my luggage from United Airlines
flight #4743, which I learned was the rescheduled United Airlines
flight #403 for July 5.
  47. At no time during the incident described herein did I ever
raise my voice or lose my temper.
  48. On July 23, 1986, two days before my traveling companions
and I were to appear in the Denver Municipal Court, I was
notified by the office of the Denver City Attorney that the City
Attorney was dropping the charges and refusing to prosecute the
case.

Affidavit of Sheryl Pickering

  I Sheryl Pickering, hereby swear and depose:
  1. My name is Sheryl Pickering.
  2. I reside at 1233 47th Avenue in the City of Sacramento,
which is located in the County of Sacramento, California.
  3. On the afternoon of July 5, 1986, I was a passenger on
United Airlines and flew from Kansas City, Missouri, to
Sacramento, California, with a change in planes in Denver,
Colorado.  My ticket receipt is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
  4. I was traveling in the company of five other persons, three
of whom are blind.  I am sighted.
  5. Following our arrival at Denver's Stapleton Airport, Sharon
Gold, who is blind and was carrying a long white cane, took the
tickets of five of us to the check-in counter to check us into
United Airlines flight #403 to fly from Denver to Sacramento and
to obtain our seat assignments and boarding passes for this
flight.
  6. During the time which Ms. Gold was at the check-in counter,
I was standing beside her.  Ms. Gold's white cane, which is long
enough to extend from the floor to above her chin, was standing
upright on the floor and was resting against her shoulder.  The
cane extended well above the check-in counter and was in clear
view of the United Airlines ground personnel working at the
counter.
  7. After Ms. Gold was given four of our seat assignments and
validated tickets, she departed the counter and then returned
some ten to fifteen minutes later to pick up the fifth ticket and
seat assignment.  Again, Ms.  Gold's long white cane was in clear
view of the personnel working at the check-in counter.
  8. At approximately 5:00 p.m. I boarded United Airlines flight
#403 and took my assigned seat in 11-B.  My ticket jacket, which
indicates my seat assignment, is attached hereto as Exhibit B.
  9. Ms. Gold, who is described in paragraphs 5, 6, and 7, took
her assigned seat in 11-D.
  10. Besides Ms. Gold and me, two others of my friends were
assigned to seats in row 11.  David Estes, who is blind, was
assigned to seat 11-A; and Kevin Harris, who is sighted, was
assigned to seat 11-C.
  11. Shortly after the four of us were seated in row 11, a
flight attendant approached Ms. Gold and informed her that
because she is blind, she could not sit in an emergency exit row.
  12. The flight attendant then turned to an elderly and frail
old woman sitting in seat 10-D and asked her to change seats with
Ms. Gold.  The elderly woman agreed to make the exchange.
  13. The flight attendant then turned to Ms. Gold and ordered
her to change seats with the old woman.  Ms. Gold calmly and
politely told the attendant that she would remain in her assigned
seat after which the flight attendant left row 11 to return to
the front of the plane.
  14. After the flight attendant left Ms. Gold's seat and before
any flight attendant re-entered the mid section of the plane, the
flight attendants took off their uniform jackets; thus, they were
no longer wearing identifying name badges.
  15. A ground agent wearing a badge bearing the name of Dennis
Peterson, approached Ms. Gold and asked her to move, and she
declined.
  16. Ms. Gold was approached by two policemen.  Officer Reeve,
the spokesman, told her that an FAA regulation prevented Ms. Gold
from sitting in the emergency exit row.
  17. A United Airlines ground personnel stood behind Officer
Reeve and nodded his head in approval of Officer Reeve's
statements concerning alleged FAA regulations and in disapproval
of Ms. Gold's statements that there was not an FAA regulation
preventing her from sitting in the emergency exit row.
  18. Police and airline personnel asked me if I was traveling
with Ms. Gold, alleged an FAA regulation concerning the seating
of blind persons in an emergency exit row, and asked me to
persuade Ms.  Gold to move to a nonemergency row.
  19. I tried to explain that I knew there was no FAA regulation
concerning the seating of blind persons in the emergency exit
row, and I was rudely informed by Officer Jernigan that he had
read the FAA regulations and that I had obviously not read them. 
I responded that I had read the FAA regulations relevant to the
carriage of blind persons aboard aircraft and suggested that he
get them so that we might read them together.
  20. A man in a uniform of the cockpit crew walked to the rear
of the passenger cabin, speaking to the passengers along the way.
  21. Soon after the man described in paragraph 20 went to the
rear of the plane, there was a change in the air flow within the
cabin, as if a rear door or vent had been opened, and the smell
of jet fuel exhaust began to permeate the cabin.
  22. After five to ten minutes the man left the rear of the
cabin and returned to the front of the plane, apparently
returning to the cockpit.
  23. A male voice from the rear of the plane shouted and asked
for three volunteers to help remove Ms. Gold from the plane.
  24. Passengers became rowdy, call bells for flight attendants
began ringing, and Officer Reeve came to the mid- section of the
plane to settle the passengers and then left the area again.
  25. Officer Reeve returned to Ms. Gold and announced to her
loudly enough that many of the surrounding passengers could hear
that the problem was solved and that we would soon be on our way.
  26. A woman airline official spoke to Kevin Harris, who was
sitting beside me in seat 11-C, and asked him to move to seat
11-F so that he would be sitting next to the window exit and so
that we might leave.  Mr. Harris agreed to move and did move to
seat 11-F.
  27. We continued to sit on the ground and not leave the gate. 
Nearby passengers began asking questions of the flight personnel
as to why we were not departing, since Mr. Harris had moved to
seat 11-F and thus the request of the airlines had been
fulfilled.
  28. Flight attendants scowled, pointed at Ms. Gold, and snarled
that we were not leaving because she was continuing to sit in the
emergency exit row in seat 11-D.
  29. In about one hour, and after more than two hours had passed
since boarding the aircraft, United Airlines flight personnel
announced the cancellation of United Airlines flight #403.
  30. Passengers immediately began leaving the plane.  As they
filed past row 11, passengers scowled, stared, and made nasty,
derogatory remarks aimed at Ms.  Gold.
  31. Police and airline personnel began questioning Ms. Gold as
to why we were not leaving the plane.  She responded that she was
well aware, as were the police and airline officials, that the
plane would fly on to Sacramento and that we wished to go on the
flight.  They would only respond that the plane was going to the
hangar and that we were unwelcome to go with it.
  32. Three police officers then approached us.  Sergeant King
informed Ms. Gold that the four of us were in violation of three
Colorado statutes and that, if she would voluntarily leave, there
would be no arrest.
  33. Ms. Gold stood up and stepped forward into the aisle.  We
each fell in line behind her.  The officers blocked our passage
from the plane.
  34. One officer harshly informed Ms.  Gold that he wanted no
trouble from us when we entered the gate waiting area inside the
terminal, to which Ms. Gold calmly and quietly replied that she
had not caused the trouble in the airplane and she had no
intention for us to cause trouble in the waiting area.
  35. The officer then said that we were under arrest and three
of us were taken down the stairway from the jetway to the runway
and then transported by a police vehicle to another part of the
terminal where we were taken upstairs to a Denver City Police
Airport Security Office.
  36. After getting into the police vehicle, I questioned the
officers about the fact that the luggage compartments on the
aircraft being used for flight #403 were not open and that the
luggage was not being removed from the canceled flight so that
the plane could go to the hangar as the officers and flight
personnel had claimed.  The officers did not respond to me;
however, Officer Reeve turned to Officer Jernigan, who was
driving, poked Officer Jernigan's leg with his hand, and
exchanged a nonverbal acknowledging response to my question
regarding the unremoved luggage.
  37. In the security office Officer Jernigan completed a General
Court Summons and Complaint for me.  The blank Summons and
Complaint had been signed by Charles Fowler and was then
completed in the police office and signed by Officer Jernigan. 
The Summons and Complaint is attached hereto as Exhibit C.
  38. I was then released along with my three friends to return
to United Airlines and to obtain a seat on the next flight to
Sacramento.
  39. According to the summons, I was to appear in the Denver
Municipal Court on July 25, 1986, to answer a charge of criminal
trespass.
  40. I landed in Sacramento at 11:45 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time,
which was approximately five hours and fifteen minutes later than
my scheduled landing of 6:28 p.m.
  41. In Sacramento I went to the United Airlines counter on the
ground floor of the airport to claim my baggage.  I spoke with a
woman wearing a United Airlines badge bearing the name of Sandy
Weeks.
  42. After receiving my luggage I asked Ms. Weeks when my
luggage arrived in Sacramento and on which flight.  She advised
me that the luggage arrived on United Airlines flight #4743.
  43. I questioned Ms. Weeks further concerning flight #4743
since it was not listed on the board immediately behind her as a
scheduled United Airlines flight.  She advised me that it was the
rescheduled United Airlines flight #403 at which time she became
very hostile with me and made derogatory remarks about "our blind
lady friend," obviously making reference to Ms. Gold.
  44. At no time during the incident described herein was David
Estes, who was sitting to my immediate left in seat 11-A and who
is blind and described in paragraph #10, requested to move from
the emergency exit row.
  45. At all times during the incident described herein, Ms. Gold
maintained a courteous manner and never raised her voice or lost
her temper.
  46. On July 23, 1986, two days before my traveling companions
and I were to appear in the Denver Municipal court, I was
notified by the office of the Denver City Attorney that the City
Attorney was dropping the charges and refusing to prosecute the
case.

Affidavit of David Eldon Estes

  I, David Estes, hereby swear and depose:
  1. My name is David Eldon Estes.
  2. I reside at 1215 Q Street, Apartment 11, in the City of
Sacramento, which is located in the County of Sacramento,
California.
  3. I am legally blind.
  4. I was a passenger on United Airlines on July 5, 1986, flying
from Kansas City, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, with a
change of planes in Denver, Colorado.
  5. Upon arrival at the airport in Denver, Sharon Gold, who is
blind and was carrying a long white cane, took the tickets of
five of us, who were traveling together, to the check-in counter
to obtain boarding passes and seat assignments for our flight
from Denver to Sacramento on United Airlines flight #403.
  6. I boarded the plane at approximately 5:00 p.m. and located
my seat in row 11, seat A, which was at the window exit.
  7. Sharon Gold, who is described herein in paragraph 5, was
seated across the aisle in row 11, seat D.
  8. A flight attendant approached Ms.  Gold and loudly told her
that she could not sit where she was seated because she is blind.
  9. The flight attendant turned to an obviously elderly lady
sitting in front of Ms. Gold and again in a loud voice asked the
lady if she would exchange seats with Ms. Gold.  The lady said
that she would.
  10. The flight attendant told Ms. Gold that she was to exchange
seats with the elderly woman and Ms. Gold refused, saying that
she was comfortable where she was sitting.
  11. A man, who was apparently an airline official, came to Ms.
Gold's seat and informed her that an FAA regulation required her
to move because she is blind and was sitting in an emergency exit
row.
  12. When Ms. Gold declined, the man said he would summon the
police and have her arrested.  The man then left.
  13. Two policemen approached Ms. Gold.  One told her that there
was an FAA regulation that prevented her from sitting in an
emergency exit row.  Ms. Gold explained to the policeman that
there was no FAA regulation preventing her from sitting in the
emergency exit row.
  14. The police officers and airline officials continued to come
to Ms. Gold telling her that there was an FAA regulation
requiring her to move.  At one time they even asked the three of
us sitting in Seats 11-A, 11-B, and 11-C to persuade Ms. Gold to
move.  At another time an officer threatened to arrest all of us
since Ms. Gold would not move and we were traveling with her.
  15. Two airline officials came.  One was carrying a radio.  The
one not carrying the radio again told Ms. Gold that an FAA
regulation prevented her from sitting in her seat.  When the rest
of us repeated that there was not an FAA regulation preventing
Ms. Gold from sitting where she was assigned, the official with
the radio agreed that there was no FAA regulation and alleged
that it was a United Airlines safety policy.
  16. Airline officials circulated throughout the plane talking
to the passengers.  The passengers became riled up, and some even
resorted to yelling at Ms. Gold.
  17. At one time a man called for volunteers to help him carry
Ms. Gold off of the plane.  The police were required to settle
the passengers.
  18. A policeman went to Ms. Gold and told her that the problem
was solved and that we would be leaving soon.
  19. While the policeman was speaking to Ms. Gold a flight
attendant approached Kevin Harris, who was sitting in Seat 11-C,
and asked him to move to seat 11-F.  Mr. Harris agreed to move
and did move from seat 11-C to seat 11- F.
  20. We remained on the ground and flight #403 did not fly as
promised.
  21. After we had been sitting for more than two hours, flight
officials announced that the flight was canceled and requested
the passengers to leave the plane.  The four of us did not leave
the plane.
  22. Airline officials went to Ms.  Gold, questioned her as to
why we were not leaving the plane, and then demanded that we
leave.  Ms. Gold said we were not leaving because we wanted to
fly to Sacramento and that she did not believe that the flight
had been canceled.
  23. The airline personnel insisted that the flight was canceled
and that the plane was going to the hangar.
  24. Policemen approached row 11, and one told Ms. Gold that we
were in violation of three Colorado statutes.  The policeman told
Ms. Gold that if she would voluntarily get up and leave the plane
she would not be arrested.
  25. Ms. Gold got up out of her seat and proceeded into the
aisle to leave the plane and we followed.
  26. Three policemen stepped in front of Ms. Gold so that we
could not pass.  One policeman told Ms. Gold that he did not want
any trouble when we got out among the other passengers.  Ms. Gold
quietly said that she did not create the disturbance in the plane
and that she did not intend any disturbance to be created inside
the terminal.
  27. The policeman then said that we were all under arrest.
  28. Two policemen took three of us from the plane and out on
the runway where we were transported by automobile to a part of
the airport where a police office was located.
  29. At the police office Officer Treidel filled in a blank
General Session Summons and Complaint which had been previously
signed by Charles Fowler of United Airlines.  My General Session
Summons and Complaint is attached hereto.
  30. According to the summons I was to appear in the Denver
Municipal Court on July 25 to answer a charge of criminal
trespass.
  31. I was instructed to return to United Airlines where I was
rescheduled on the next available flight to Sacramento.
  32. I finally landed in Sacramento at 11:45 p.m. California
time, which was approximately five hours and fifteen minutes
later than my scheduled landing of 6:28 p.m.
  33. At no time during the incident described herein was the
fact that I am blind raised as an issue nor was I requested to
move from the window exit seat to which I was assigned, seat
11-A.
  34. At all times during the incident described herein Ms. Gold
maintained a courteous manner and never raised her voice or lost
her temper.
  35. On July 23, 1986, two days before my traveling companions
and I were to appear in the Denver Municipal Court, I was
notified by the office of the Denver City Attorney that the City
Attorney was dropping the charges and refusing to prosecute the
case.

Affidavit of Kevin DeShay Harris

  I, Kevin DeShay Harris, hereby swear and depose:
  1. My name is Kevin DeShay Harris.
  2. I reside at 1813 Capital Avenue, Apartment 7, in the City of
Sacramento, which is located in the County of Sacramento,
California.
  3. On July 5, 1986, I was a passenger aboard United Airlines
flying from Kansas City, Missouri, to Sacramento, California,
with a change of planes in Denver, Colorado.
  4. I was traveling in the company of five other passengers,
three of whom are legally blind.  I am sighted.
  5. At the Stapleton Airport in Denver, Sharon Gold, who is
blind and was carrying a long white cane, took the tickets of
five of us to the check-in counter to check us into United
Airlines flight #403 and to obtain our seat assignments and
boarding passes for the flight from Denver to Sacramento.
  6. I boarded the plane and located my assigned seat of 11-C.
  7. I sat in my assigned seat of 11-C while Ms. Gold took her
assigned seat of 11-D; David Estes, who is blind, took his
assigned seat of 11-A; and Sheryl Pickering took her assigned
seat of 11- B.
  8. A flight attendant went to Ms.  Gold's seat and told her
that it was against FAA regulations for a blind person to sit in
an emergency row and that she would have to move.  Ms. Gold
declined to move, saying that there was not an FAA regulation
stating that she could not sit in the emergency exit row.
  9. The flight attendant asked an elderly lady, who was sitting
in the row in front of Ms. Gold, if she would trade seats with
Ms. Gold.  The elderly lady agreed to move.
  10. The flight attendant then turned to Ms. Gold and ordered
her to change seats with the elderly lady.  Ms. Gold declined,
saying that she was perfectly comfortable in her assigned seat
and that she was capable of handling the emergency exit window.
  11. After the flight attendant left Ms. Gold's seat and before
any flight attendant re-entered the mid section of the plane, the
flight attendants took off their uniform jackets; thus, they were
no longer wearing identifying name badges.
  12. The police were summoned and a police officer came to Ms.
Gold's seat, requested that she move, and told her that she was
in violation of FAA regulations by sitting in the emergency exit
row.  Ms. Gold explained that there was no such regulation and
that there was no need for her to move.
  13. Police officers and airline officials took turns going to
Ms. Gold's seat and requesting her to move.
  14. One flight attendant came and asked the three of us sitting
in seats 11-A, 11-B, ad 11-C as described in paragraph 7 herein
if we would persuade Ms. Gold to move.  We declined saying we
were not her guardians and that we knew there was not an FAA
regulation requiring that Ms. Gold not sit in an emergency exit
row.
  15. A man in uniform with shoulder boards walked to the back of
the plane, talked to passengers along the way, opened the back
door, and then returned to the front of the plane.
  16. Passengers behind row 11 became angry.  One person hollered
out to throw her off the plane, another yelled to get her off so
we can go home, and still another called out to throw that "blind
bitch" off of the plane.
  17. Another man in the back of the plane called out for three
people to help throw "that woman" off of the plane so that we
could go.
  18. Four men stood up in the back of the plane and began
walking toward Ms.  Gold.
  19. I stepped in the aisle standing between Ms. Gold and the
approaching men and told them that they would have to go through
me first.  The men went back to their seats.
  20. A man came up from the back of the plane, put his face down
in mine, and asked why I was defending Ms. Gold.  I told him to
get out of my face.  A police officer then came from the front of
the plane to row 11 and ordered the man to return to his seat at
the rear of the plane.
  21. The police officer then returned to row 11 and told Ms.
Gold, loudly enough for me to hear, that the problem was solved
and that we would be leaving soon.
  22. At the same time that the police officer was speaking to
Ms. Gold a flight attendant approached me and asked me if I would
move to seat 11-F so that I was sitting next to the window exit.
  23. I agreed to move and did move from seat 11-C to seat 11-F.
  24. Despite the promise that we would leave if I moved to seat
11-F, the plane remained on the ground.
  25. After another hour passed, and about two hours after the
plane had been scheduled to leave the Denver airport, the flight
personnel walked through the plane and announced that the flight
was canceled and ordered the passengers to leave the plane.
  26. The passengers filed out of the plane, some displaying
obvious anger and hostility toward Ms. Gold.
  27. I pulled Ms. Gold toward me and over the empty seat between
us.  I raised my body to shield her from possible physical abuse.
  28. Airline officials came back to the four of us, who were
still sitting in our seats in row 11, and one man began
questioning Ms. Gold as to why we were not leaving the plane.
  29. The man described in paragraph 28 ordered Ms. Gold and the
rest of us to leave the plane because he said the flight was
canceled.  We did not leave.  Ms. Gold told the man that they
both knew that the flight was not canceled and that she believed
that United Airlines only intended to get us off of the plane so
that the passengers could be reloaded to fly.  The man insisted
that the flight was canceled and that United Airlines intended to
take the plane to the hangar.
  30. Four police officers came to row 11, and one informed Ms.
Gold that we were in violation of local and state statutes.
  31. Ms. Gold asked for the allegedly violated statutes and was
given the code numbers.
  32. The officer told Ms. Gold that if she would voluntarily
leave her seat she would not be arrested.
  33. Ms. Gold unbuckled her seat belt, stood up, and moved into
the aisle.  The rest of us followed Ms. Gold.
  34. As Ms. Gold stepped forward to leave the plane, three of
the four officers blocked the aisle to prevent her from passing.
  35. One officer told Ms. Gold that he did not want any trouble
when we went into the passenger waiting area, to which Ms. Gold
responded that she had not created the trouble in the plane and
that she did not intend to cause trouble in the terminal.
  36. The officer then announced that we were under arrest.
  37. The officer described in paragraph 36 then reached up and
pulled papers out of his hat which I later observed were blank
complaints signed by the airlines and which were completed by the
police to levy charges against the four of us.
  38. Ms. Gold and two other occupants of row 11 were escorted
out of the plane and onto the runway by two of the officers.
  39. The other two police officers escorted me through the gate
waiting area, parading me before the passengers who had just
deplaned flight #403.
  40. As I walked alongside one policeman with the other walking
behind me, the crowd of passengers booed at me and neither of the
policemen did anything to step the disorderliness.
  41. At the police office Officer Jernigan filled in one of the
blank General Court Summons and Complaint forms which had been
signed by Charles Fowler of United Airlines and which is herein
described in paragraph 37.
  42. According to the summons I was to appear in the Denver
Municipal Court on July 25 to answer a charge of criminal
trespass.
  43. The police officers instructed me to return to United
Airlines where I was rescheduled to fly on the next flight to
Sacramento.
  44. I finally landed in Sacramento at 11:45 p.m. California
time, which was approximately five hours and fifteen minutes
later than my scheduled landing of 6:28 p.m.
  45. Once in Sacramento I went to the United Airlines counter on
the ground floor of the airport to claim my baggage.  There I
learned that my luggage had arrived on United Airlines flight
#4743, the rescheduled United Airlines flight #403.
  46. At no time during the incident described herein was David
Estes, who was sitting in seat 11-A and who is blind and
described in paragraph 7, requested to move from the emergency
exit row.
  47. At all times during the incident described herein Ms. Gold
maintained a courteous manner and never raised her voice or lost
her temper.
  48. On July 23, 1986, two days before my traveling companions
and I were to appear in the Denver Municipal Court, I was
notified by the office of the Denver City Attorney that the City
Attorney was dropping the charges and refusing to prosecute the
case.

Affidavit of Warren Todd Elzey

  I, Warren Todd Elzey, do hereby swear and depose:
  1. My name is Warren Todd Elzey.
  2. I reside at 75 Rio Vista, Oakland, California 94611, which
is located in the County of Alameda.
  3. Prior to July 31, 1986, I resided at 714 Easton Avenue #C,
San Bruno, California 94066, which is located in the County of
San Mateo.
  4. I am legally blind and at all times carry a 61-inch long
white cane.
  5. On May 1, 1986, I purchased airline tickets from Unitours of
San Bruno to travel from San Francisco to Kansas City, Missouri;
from Kansas City to Columbus, Ohio; and from Columbus to San
Francisco, California, by way of Chicago, Illinois, and
Sacramento, California, all of which travel to be on United
Airlines.
  6. At the time I was ticketed by Unitours, I was issued seat
assignments for all flights.
  7. I began my travel, leaving San Francisco on June 27, 1986,
and I returned to San Francisco on July 20, 1986.
  8. On July 20, 1986, I went to the Port Columbus International
Airport and checked into United Airlines flight 889 to fly from
Columbus to Chicago and United Airlines flight 839 to fly from
Chicago to San Francisco by way of Sacramento.
  9. The agent at the United Airlines ticket counter issued a
boarding pass to me for flight 889 assigning me to seat 6-A,
which was the same seat to which I was assigned by my travel
agent.  However, the agent at the United Airlines ticket counter
changed the seat to which I had been previously assigned on
flight 839 and reassigned me to seat 17-E.  My ticket receipt and
United Airlines ticket jacket, which indicates my seat
assignments on flights 889 and 839, are attached hereto as
Exhibits A and B.
  10. In Chicago I boarded United Airlines flight 839 and
proceeded to my assigned seat in row 17, seat E, where I took my
assigned seat and stowed my white cane on the floor.
  11. Row 17 was located at the overwing window exit and thus
referred to as the emergency exit row.
  12. I sat in row 17, seat E, while the plane flew from Chicago
to Sacramento and from Sacramento to San Francisco.
  13. At no time did any United Airlines official or any other
person approach me concerning my seat assignment or request that
I cease to occupy seat 17-E.

UNITED AIRLINES DISREGARDS PASSENGER SAFETY

CAUSES LIFE THREATENING SITUATION


STATE OF CALIFORNIA COUNTY OF FRESNO

Affidavit of Jan Uribes

  I, Jan Uribes, being first duly sworn, depose and say:
  1. My name is Jan Uribes.  I reside at 3757 E. Dakota,
Apartment H, City of Fresno, County of Fresno, State of
California 93726, with my husband, Michael.  I am an independent
business person.  I am legally blind and use a long white cane to
move about independently.
  2. I have diabetes.  This means that I must carefully watch and
regulate my eating schedule.  When on a trip and changing time
zones, I must take extra special care to make sure that I do not
suffer an imbalance which could be life threatening.
  3. In late June and early July, 1986, I traveled from my home
in Fresno, California, to Kansas City, Missouri, and back home. 
All my flights were on United Airlines and my experience, setting
aside the Bakersfield incident, was uniformly unpleasant.  On
every single flight a flight attendant tried to take my white
cane and stow it in the overhead compartment even though federal
regulations specifically permit me to retain my white cane by my
seat.  On each flight I firmly stated I would keep my cane with
me and no flight attendant ultimately made an issue of the
matter.  When passing through Denver on the way to Kansas City,
my incoming flight was very late and I thought I might miss my
outbound plane.  I asked United for assistance to get from gate
to gate on time, and I'm sorry I did.  My outbound flight was
also delayed, and I had plenty of time.  The woman assigned to
talk with me from gate to gate brought a wheelchair and would
have insisted that I use it except that I insisted more
vehemently that I would not.  So she dragged the wheelchair
behind her as we walked.  She walked very slowly, obviously
believing that I could not move quickly though speed seemed to be
necessary to make my connection.  When we arrived at my next gate
she would not leave me, stating that it was her job to stay with
me until I went on to the airplane so that I did not "fall and
hurt myself."  I walked away from her and asked a fellow
passenger if I could simply walk out to the plane with him to
which he readily and pleasantly agreed.  A male United official
came up to us and rudely informed me that I was not to speak to
the other passengers; that it was United's job to take care of me
and not the job of any fellow passenger.  Though the other
passenger had been perfectly willing to help, he wasn't going to
get into a fight with United and left.  A second passenger who
had observed the entire incident came up and offered her
assistance, and we boarded together.  It is obvious to me now
that I would have changed gates quicker and experienced no
patronizing and condescending treatment if I had simply done the
whole thing on my own.
  4. On Sunday, July 6, 1986, I was traveling from Kansas City,
Missouri, to Fresno, California, on United Airlines.  I had
completed the Kansas City-Denver portion of my trip and connected
with United flight 687 bound from Denver for Fresno with an
intermediate stop in Bakersfield, California.  I was scheduled to
arrive in Fresno at 11:25 a.m.  local time.  This involved a
two-hour time change from Kansas City time.  We were late
departing from Denver due to delays caused by traffic and
weather.
  5. I received my seat assignment on flight 687 at the same time
I received seat assignments for other portions of my trip from a
Fresno ticket counter agent at the beginning of my entire trip. 
On flight 687 I asked to have my seat assignment changed.  I did
so because I wanted to be sure I had a window seat so that I
could easily store my cane by the wall.  Since I was not certain
whether my seat assignment of flight 687 would be a window seat,
I approached the podium in Denver using my white cane and asked
for a different seat assignment.  I specified that my new seat
should be by a window.  I made no other request about the seat
and was willing to take whatever window seat I was given.  I was
given a new seat assignment in response to my request.  I was
assigned seat 11-F.  I boarded flight 687 and sat in seat 11-F. 
Several flight attendants spoke to me in the course of my
boarding and settling myself.  Since I used my white cane when
boarding and since I stowed my white cane by the wall next to me,
all these flight attendants knew I was blind.
  6. I sat in seat 11-F during the Denver-Bakersfield portion of
the flight.
  7. While we were on the ground in Bakersfield, a flight
attendant approached me and asked me to move to a different seat. 
The flight attendant stated that United had "made a mistake" in
my seat assignment.  The "mistake" was that I had been sitting in
an exit row all the way from Denver.
  8. I replied that 11-F was the seat I had been assigned and in
which I had been sitting for the entire flight thus far.  I
stated that I did not choose to move from my assigned seat.
  9. A person identified as a "supervisor" then came to my seat
and insisted that I had to move from 11-F.  The supervisor tried
to convince me to move one row forward.  She stated that if I
would move up one row, there would be no more problem.
  10. Both the flight attendant and the supervisor stated that I
was breaking the law by sitting where I had been sitting for the
entire flight thus far.  Both stated that the Federal Air
Regulations (they called them FAR's) prohibited blind persons
from sitting in exit rows as I had done all the way from Denver. 
I asked for a copy of this FAR and was never provided with one.
  11. Next, a person who identified himself as the Captain came
to my seat.  I asked for his name and he replied that it was Dave
Meik.  Captain Meik was very firm in insisting that federal
regulations prohibited me from sitting in the exit row I was then
in.  I asked Captain Meik for a copy of this federal regulation
and he left, returning with a manual in his hand.  I asked a
fellow passenger to read what the Captain had brought.  The
Captain had brought a copy of United's company policy regarding
passengers.  I knew that there was no federal regulation such as
the one every United official pretended to rely upon.
  12. Next, United officials offered to seat me in first-class
for the remainder of the flight as an inducement to move.  I
declined this offer, preferring the seat I had been assigned. 
Even though United officials could only produce their own company
policy to justify their assertions, they continued to insist that
I was breaking federal law by sitting where I was.
  13. At this point the supervisor came back and informed me that
I would have to be taken off the plane by security officers since
I was breaking federal law and would not move.  The supervisor
stated that I was delaying ninety-six other passengers.  She
stated that the ninety-six other passengers could not understand
why I was refusing to cooperate with United.  Of course, all the
airline officials' statements were made while they were standing
in the aisle near row 11 where many other passengers could hear
them.  I was seated and only the passengers in my row could hear
my replies.  United deliberately used its authority and uniforms
and positioning during our conversations to prejudice other
passengers against me.  Their continued insistence that I was
breaking federal law when their own documents proved otherwise is
ample evidence that they had decided to publicly brand me a
criminal.
  14. A security officer then came to my seat.  He informed me
that he and his partner were going to take me off the plane.  I
agreed to walk off with them.  They did not formally arrest me
but I am sure that they would have done so if I had not agreed to
walk off.
  15. As I was leaving the aircraft, I heard the head flight
attendant making an announcement to the rest of the passengers. 
She told the passengers that United Airlines was sorry for the
delay and inconvenience caused by the blind person.
  16. I was escorted into the terminal by the security officers
who then left me.  I went to the United ticket counter to arrange
for my transportation on to Fresno.  I had had a valid ticket for
the entire trip and expected United to book me on the next
flight.  I also expected that they would take extreme precautions
to make sure that I was not seated in an exit row.
  17. The woman at the United ticket counter informed me that I
had, in effect, forfeited the remainder of my ticket by refusing
to move to first- class.  The woman told me that since security
had removed me from the plane, United would not honor the last
portion of my ticket.  It was then about 1:30 p.m., and the next
scheduled flight departed at 7:40 p.m.  The additional ticket
would cost me $25.  I did not have $25 with me.  I had planned my
cash very carefully during my trip away from home and was
planning to arrive at the Fresno airport with just enough money
to get to my home.  I had no extra money for another ticket nor
any for the additional food that I needed in order to eat on
schedule.
  18. I was compelled to borrow money from a relative of a friend
who was kind enough to come out to the airport for the purpose of
making me a loan.  I then ate and bought a bus ticket with this
loaned money.  I arrived at my home at about 7: 10 p.m., almost
eight hours later than I had expected to get there.


TWA BEHAVES AS USUAL

FRED SCHROEDER ARRESTED


  As Fred Schroeder and a large group of other Federationists
were returning home from the national convention in Kansas City
on July 5, 1986, incidents occurred which should be brought to
the attention of the blind of the nation and the general public. 
Fred Schroeder was arrested for sitting in a seat to which he had
been assigned while other blind persons were permitted to sit in
exactly the same type of seat.  Not only were they permitted to
sit in a similar seat, but they were knowingly permitted to sit
in it.  The tension which is building between the blind and the
airlines is intensifying, and unless airline officials can be
brought to some semblance of sanity, there will almost certainly
be an explosion.  The following three affidavits tell what
happened:

--------------------

State of New Mexico County of Bernalillo

Affidavit of Fredric K. Schroeder

  I, Fredric K. Schroeder, being first duly sworn, depose and
say:
  1. My name is Fredric K. Schroeder.  I live with my wife and
two small children at 439 Ash NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106. 
I am employed by the State of New Mexico as Director of the
state's Commission for the Blind.  I am blind and use a long
white cane to move about safely.
  2. On Saturday, July 5, 1986, I went to the Kansas City Airport
to begin my return trip to Albuquerque.  I possessed a ticket on
TWA Airlines.  I was scheduled to depart Kansas City at 2:53 p.m. 
on flight #502 destined for St. Louis.  I was later to connect
with flight #845 out of St. Louis to Albuquerque departing at
6:45 p.m.
  3. I was traveling with a group of thirty-one people.  I was
assigned seat 5-F, which is a bulkhead seat.  Prior to departure
I spoke with Mary Willows.  Mrs. Willows and her husband James
are both blind and were traveling with their two small children. 
They were not part of the group traveling to Albuquerque. 
Instead, they were destined for San Jose, California, via St.
Louis.  Mrs.  Willows told me that she and her family had been
assigned seats in row 14 even though they had requested bulkhead
seating because of their children.
  4. The flight was approximately one hour delayed.  Airline
officials announced that there was a delay in "getting the plane
ready."  At approximately 3:40 p.m. we began to board the flight. 
Mrs. Willows and her family went on ahead of me.  When I got to
the door of the plane I found Mrs. Willows with one of her
children standing on the jetway.  She told me that row 14 to
which they had been assigned was an emergency exit row.  She
stated that the flight attendant would not allow them to take
their seats since Mr. and Mrs.  Willows were blind.
  5. I spoke with the flight attendant and told her that I had
been assigned a bulkhead seat and would be glad to give it to the
Willows in hopes that enough seats would be vacant in the
bulkhead row so that their family would not have to be separated. 
I offered to exchange my seat (5-F) for one of theirs.  The
flight attendant told me that I could not exchange a seat with
one of the Willows since row 14 was an exit row seat and
therefore she could not allow me to sit there either.  I urged
her to give my seat to the Willows and see of she could keep them
together in the bulkhead row and find for me another seat which
would not be restricted.
  6. The flight attendant left and returned shortly to say that
the Willows had been placed in the bulkhead row and that I had
been assigned seat 15-F.  I boarded the plane and took my
assigned seat.  The emergency exit row was immediately in front
of me in row 14.  The exit row had no seat adjacent to the
window.  Therefore, there was no seat immediately in front of me.
  7. After the plane pulled away from the gate, a flight
attendant came and told me that I would have to move to another
seat.  She told me that a federal regulation prohibited blind
people from sitting in an exit row.  I told her that it was my
belief that no such federal regulation existed and that I
intended to stay in the seat to which I had been assigned.  The
flight attendant told me that she had to notify the captain of my
unwillingness to move and then she left.
  8. Seated in the emergency exit row ahead of me (14-E) was a
TWA pilot.  He told me that in an emergency he would handle
opening the emergency exit door.  He told me that he would talk
to the flight crew about it and that I should not have to move. 
He then said that the worst that would happen would be that I
might have to move to the middle seat in my row so as not to be
immediately adjacent to the exit door.
  9. The plane taxied to the runway and the flight attendants
gave the briefing concerning emergency procedures.  Just as the
plane was about to leave the flight attendant again came to me
and said I would have to move back three rows before the plane
could take off.  I again told her that I intended to remain in my
assigned seat.
  10. The TWA pilot seated in front of me told the flight
attendant that he would assume responsibility for handling the
emergency door.  She said that she would notify the captain and
asked his name.  He said to just tell the captain that Gordon
said he would take responsibility.
  11. The flight attendant left and returned with the copilot. 
He told me that I would have to move.  I explained that I was in
my assigned seat and believed there was no reason why I should be
required to move.  He told me that it was an FAA requirement.  I
responded that it was my belief that no such FAA rule existed. 
He assured me that it was an FAA regulation.  Again I responded
that I intended to remain in my assigned seat.  He asked me if I
was refusing to move.  I replied that it was my intention to
remain in my assigned seat.  He left to notify the captain.
  12. Shortly thereafter, Captain Brent came and identified
himself to me.  He, too, told me that FAA rules required that I
move.  I again said that I believed no such FAA rule existed and
that I intended to stay in my assigned seat.  He told me that if
I refused to move he would have to return to the gate and have me
deplane.  I again stated that I would remain where I was.
  13. Captain Brent left and quickly returned with his TWA
manual.  He read to me from the manual a section which
specifically stated that blind passengers could not sit adjacent
to emergency exit doors.  I told him that it was my understanding
that TWA policy prohibited blind passengers from sitting in exit
rows but still believed that it was not an FAA policy.  He told
me that he understood my position but that I was fighting the
point with the wrong people. He said that the problem was with
the policy makers and that he had no alternative but to enforce
the policies he was given.  He offered to write and sign a
statement that he had required me to move if I would agree to
take another seat.  I told him I would stay where I was.  He then
left, stating that he had no choice but to return to the gate. 
The flight attendant returned and again asked me to move.  I told
her that I had been assigned the seat I was in and that I
intended to stay where I was.  She told me that what I said was
not true.  She told me that I had been assigned the bulkhead seat
and that I had requested to be moved.  I told her that I had
given up my bulkhead seat to a family with small children and
that I had been assigned  seat 15-F with the flight attendant's
full knowledge that I was blind.  Since she was the flight
attendant who had assigned me 15-F in the first place, I reminded
her that she had given me 15-F specifically because I was blind
and therefore not allowed to sit in row 14, which was the exit
row.
  14. When we arrived at the gate a TWA official named Leonard E.
Dwyer came to me and told me that FAA regulations required that I
move.  I told Mr. Dwyer that I planned to remain in my assigned
seat.  He told me that I could not remain where I was.  He
stepped aside and another gentleman addressed me stating that I
would have to move.  When I told him that I would not, he told me
that he would remove me from the airplane if I did not cooperate. 
I asked him whether he was a policeman and he indicated that he
was.  He told me that I was violating an FAA regulation to which
I replied that I believed he was mistaken, that it was my
understanding that there was no such FAA rule.  He told me that
he knew his job and that I was breaking the law.  I again stated
that I planned to stay where I was.  He told me that he was going
to take me off the airplane and that I should come with him.  I
asked whether I was under arrest.  He stated that I was being
removed from the plane and that if he were to arrest me, I would
be held in custody and questioned by the FBI and FAA officials. 
I said that if I was not under arrest, then I would stay where I
was.  He then stated that I was under arrest.  He then asked me
to get up and when I did not, he unbuckled my seat belt, took
hold of my left arm and the back of my jacket, and lifted me out
of my seat.  He then took hold of my left arm at the wrist and
above the elbow and led me off of the plane.
  15. While I was being led off, other members of my group argued
with TWA personnel about my arrest and took pictures of me being
led off the plane.  When I got onto the jetway, I was turned over
to a policewoman who escorted me back into the terminal.
  16. The policewoman told me that I could leave.  I then told
her that the other officer had placed me under arrest.  She
seemed surprised and indicated that I should wait for his return. 
In the meantime the TWA official, Mr. Dwyer, took my boarding
pass and left to schedule me on a later flight.  When the first
police officer returned (Officer L. Hosmann, badge #526), the
policewoman (Officer V. Bean, badge #529) asked him if he had
placed me under arrest based on the captain's word that I was
violating an FAA regulation.  He went on to state, "Now they're
telling me it may not be an FAA regulation."  He stated that,
"the chief" was looking it up.  He said that if it was not an FAA
rule, then the captain was guilty of providing false information
to the police officer and that he would "get him" the next time
the captain was in Kansas City.
  17. The TWA official, Mr. Dwyer, returned to tell me that I had
been assigned a seat on another flight which would be departing
shortly.  I told him that I could not leave since I was under
arrest.  He turned to Officer Hosmann and asked whether he had
arrested me.  Officer Hosmann replied that he had, based on
information given him by the pilot.  He again stated that he was
having the chief check to see whether I had violated an FAA
regulation and that if I had not, TWA was "going to be in a lot
of trouble."  Officer Hosmann had given the chief the phone
number of the phone at the ticket counter and was waiting for the
chief to call him back.
  18. A few minutes later the chief came on Officer Hosmann's
radio stating that the phone number at the gate was busy and
asked for another number to call.  Officer Hosmann asked whether
he had found an FAA regulation concerning the matter.  Instead of
replying to the question, the chief asked again for a number to
call.  In a few minutes the phone cleared and Officer Hosmann
went off to talk with the chief.
  19. Upon his return he told me that there was no FAA regulation
concerning the exit row.  However, he said that TWA's policy on
the matter was approved by the FAA and therefore had to be
followed.  He said that by refusing to follow an FAA approved
airline policy, I was violating an FAA regulation concerning
"interfering with a flight crew." He then told me that TWA did
not wish to press charges.  I asked him if he was telling me that
an airline could dream up any rule it wished and that if I did
not follow it I was breaking the law.  He replied that it was
their airline and that they could do whatever they wanted in the
same way that if I walked on his property he could have me
removed.  I asked him if he thought it would be legal to say that
sighted people could walk on his property but not blind people. 
He replied that he was not a judge.
  20. I then asked what would happen next.  Officer Hosmann told
me that I was free to go.  I asked if I was still under arrest
and he indicated I was not.  I then asked if I understood
correctly that I had been arrested and was now being unarrested. 
He said that was correct.  I then took the names of the two
officers and their badge numbers and asked the TWA official for
his name and name of the pilot.
  21. I then departed on TWA flight #249 at 4:40 p.m. and arrived
in St. Louis in time to rejoin my group.
  22. A friend and former fellow employee, Susan Benbow, was
traveling from Kansas City to Albuquerque in the same group with
which I was traveling.  We had seat assignments together for the
return journey to Albuquerque.  She was originally assigned 5-E
in the bulkhead row and also gave her seat to the Willows family. 
She was reassigned seat 15-E when I was assigned seat 15-F.  Ms. 
Benbow is sighted.  She wa with me at all times in the boarding
area, on the aircraft, and while I was dealing with the police
and had the opportunity to hear and see all of the events
involving my seating and removal from flight #502.

State of New Mexico County of Dona Ana

Affidavit of Geetha Pai

  I, Geetha Pai, being first duly sworn, depose and say:
  1. My name is Geetha Pai.  I reside at 1589 Imperial Ridge,
City of Las Cruces, County of Dona Ana, State of New Mexico.  I
own and operate two restaurants offering the foods of my native
India.  Mostly I manage the restaurants but occasionally I enjoy
doing the cooking for the customers myself.  The two restaurants,
both named Tandoor Indian Cuisine, are located in my home city of
Las Cruces, New Mexico, and in Denver Colorado.  I am sighted.
  2. On Saturday, July 5, 1986, I was traveling with a group of
thirty-one persons from Kansas City, Missouri, to New Mexico.  We
were scheduled to start on TWA flight 502 departing at 2:53 p.m. 
from Kansas City.  Mr. Fred Schroeder was part of my group.
  3. Mr. Schroeder was seated in the row immediately behind an
exit row on the aircraft.  As we were nearly ready to take off,
the airline crew insisted that Mr. Schroeder was not allowed to
sit in his seat because he is blind.  The captain drove the plane
all the way back to the terminal where a policeman got on and
removed Mr. Schroeder.
  4. The flight was late getting started.  We did not board until
almost an hour after we were supposed to leave.  Mr. Schroeder's
removal from the plane caused an additional delay.  I noticed
what appeared to be a family seated in row 21 on the right side
of the plane as you look forward.  This group consisted of an
adult man, an adult woman, and two small children.  I sympathized
with the two adults and two children whose trip was being
lengthened by these delays.  I spoke to the woman, stating that I
was sorry for the delay but that someone had to stand up for the
rights of blind people.  I explained that the airline's policy
discriminated against blind people and that it was unusual to
have a group together which could defend blind people's rights as
we did today.
  5. The man interrupted this statement by telling me that I did
not need to tell him what was going on.  He said he worked for
the Department of Transportation and intended to testify "against
you."  He then told me to "sit down and keep your mouth shut."
  6. Later in the flight I noticed one of the children writing
"Brian R." on a piece of paper.
  7. When we arrived in St. Louis the two adults and two children
stayed on the plane as a group.  The plane was going on to
Cincinnati.  I checked with a TWA agent in the terminal to find
out who was sitting in those seats.  The names of the persons
assigned to row 21 D, E, and F were Sherry Hauck, Paul Mayer, and
Brian Reinshegen.
  8. I know that some of the seat assignments originally made
were changed at the gate.  I do not know if these are the names
of the persons who actually sat in row 21, though the child's
name is almost certainly correct.  The rude and ungentlemanly
manner of the man who stated he worked at the Department of
Transportation caused me to believe that he would make any
inquiry about his name a very unpleasant experience.
  9. Vicky and Richard Trujillo were also part of my group.  They
are both blind.  They were seated in a row identical to the row
occupied by Mr.  Schroeder.  They were not removed from the
plane.  They sat in their seats from Kansas City to St. Louis,
though Mr.  Schroeder was not allowed to occupy a seat in an
identical row for the same trip.

State of New Mexico County of Bernalillo

Affidavit of Vicky Trujillo

  I, Vickie Trujillo, being first duly sworn, depose and say:
  1. My name is Vicky Trujillo.  I reside with my husband and
family at 322 56th Street S.W., City of Albuquerque, County of
Bernalillo, State of New Mexico.  I am totally blind.  My husband
is legally blind.  I use a white cane to move about safely.  My
husband does not use a white cane.
  2. On Saturday, July 5, 1986, I was traveling from Kansas City,
Missouri, to Albuquerque, New Mexico, with a group of thirty-one
persons.  Mr. Fred Schroeder was also part of this group.  My
husband, my young teenage daughter, and I were assigned to seats
17-D, 17-E, and 17-F for the Kansas City-St. Louis portion of the
trip on TWA flight 502 scheduled to depart at 2:53 p.m.  After
about an hour's delay, the plane was ready and we boarded, taking
our assigned seats.
  3. Our three seats were located immediately behind a row with
an emergency overwing exit.  The seat right next to the window
exit had been removed so there were only two seats ahead of us. 
We sat in our three adjacent seats.  Two rows in front of us, in
a row laid out exactly like ours, was Fred Schroeder.
  4. When we were out on the runway, a series of airline
officials tried to make Mr. Schroeder move from his seat.  Mr.
Schroeder declined, and the captain drove the plane back to the
gate.  A policeman came onto the plane and removed Mr. Schroeder.
  5. I couldn't understand why Mr.  Schroeder was being removed. 
My husband and I, both blind, were seated in exactly the same
kind of row as Mr.  Schroeder.  I and others of our traveling
group protested Mr. Schroeder's removal.  Some of us considered
getting off the plane with him.  We rose from our seats and then
declined, according to Mr. Schroeder's wish to remain on the
plane and go home.  When we returned to our seats, other
passengers occupied them.
  6. We protested to the airline people that other passengers had
taken our seats.  We insisted that we wanted to sit in the seats
assigned to us and the seats we had already been occupying.  The
crew replied that they thought we were leaving and had allowed
other passengers to have our seats.  After some confusion, the
crew moved the other passengers out of our seats and we again sat
down in row 17, seats D, E, and F.
  7. Across the aisle from us in seat 17-C was a woman who had
been brought onto the plane by the airline in a wheelchair.  She
occupied seat 17-C from the time she was placed there by airline
personnel in Kansas City until the time she was removed by them
in St. Louis.
  8. We occupied our seats from the time we regained them in
Kansas City until we deplaned in St. Louis.  The flight crew
fussed a little at us for sitting in row 17 after Mr. Schroeder
had been removed.  But they did not insist that we move.  In
fact, they helped us regain our seats from the other passengers. 
One official commented that it was all right for us to sit in row
17 so long as our sighted young teenager was in the row with us.


MORE ABOUT TWA

BARBARA PIERCE WRITES A LETTER


                           Oberlin, Ohio July 18, 1986

Dear Dr. Jernigan:
  I have been thinking a lot recently about the letter Nadine
Jacobson wrote to you almost exactly a year ago.  Her words moved
me when I first read them, but I did not really think that I
would ever find myself in a similar situation.  Now, having been
through my own arrest experience, I can testify to how much it
means to be part of a movement in which other people stand ready
to support one.  I can also say that Nadine and Steve's dignity
and courage in the face of strong provocation somehow lent me
strength and calm.
  I traveled to the convention this year on TWA.  Our itinerary
had us change planes in St. Louis to TWA flight 323 June 26. 
Judy Nichols and I arrived early at the Cleveland Hopkins
Airport.  There were problems with the scheduling of our return
flights, and we had been told to make certain that we really were
on the proper flights for the return.  The ticket agent certainly
realized that I was blind.  She made the usual flustered efforts
to point out where my baggage should be placed.  She then gave
each of us four boarding passes, telling us that these insured
that we would have no trouble on the return flight.  Would that
she could have insured the same for the flight that evening.
  We had no difficulty on the first leg of our trip.  I did take
advantage of having an open-minded sighted person at my disposal
to study carefully the safety information card in the seat
pocket, an opportunity I rarely have since I do most of my air
traveling alone.
  When we landed we learned that our connecting flight was an
hour and a half late.  We boarded the plane and took our seats. 
At that point I discovered that our seats 18-A and B were in the
exit row.  Recognizing that there could be trouble, I was
scrupulous in stowing my cane in compliance with FAA regulations. 
I then familiarized myself with the hand hold and the handle on
the door and made certain that I knew what instructions were
printed there.  These consisted of the word "Pull."  Judy and I
discussed whether it would be advisable to bring the door into
the cabin as airline personnel are taught to do or better to
throw the door out where exiting passengers might land on it.  I
tell you about this conversation to demonstrate how seriously I
took my responsibility as a person seated in that row.
  A female flight attendant soon arrived to inform us that we
would have to move to row eight.  I asked why, and she explained
that the row could not be blocked.  When pressed to explain in
what way the row was being blocked, she said that it was a
federal law that "people with your handicap can't sit in exit
rows."  We then had the discussion that has become tiresomely
common.  She assured me that an FAA inspector on board had told
her that it was a law.  He would not come speak with me, but he
did eventually confirm my contention that the rule in question
was a TWA policy filed with the FAA.
  I should say that all this time the temperature in the cabin
and passenger tempers were rising.  The air conditioning was out
of order.  I am happy to say that I remained calm.  In the first
moments of the confrontation I noticed that my pulse was racing,
and I could feel adrenalin spurting through me.  But I soon
calmed.  It helped more than I can express to have Judy beside me
and, by the greatest good luck, to have Pat Eschbach in the seat
immediately in front of me.  Since Bob had to spend a few extra
days at his job, Pat was traveling alone.  She got busy
converting her seat mate and the nun in front of her.  That was
the extent of the sympathy I had in the passenger list of 156.
  A parade of officials came to my seat, as well as a few stray
passengers, like the man who had the bright idea of putting me in
first-class.  He had the grace to leave again as soon as he
recognized that my stand was being made on principle.  Other
passengers shouted from time to time that I should defend my
principles on my own time.  I did my best always to articulate my
regret that so many people were being inconvenienced by TWA's
adherence to a foolish policy, but only one man on the plane came
to understand the importance to me of my refusal to be degraded
by moving.  As one might have anticipated, he was black; and
though he began by denying that this was a question of civil
rights, he sat down to talk with me.  He never was thrilled with
the delay, but mercifully, he stopped harassing me.
  A woman, alleging that she was an attorney, tried
condescendingly to persuade me to see my lawyer tomorrow,
because, "Honey, you don't understand that this is going to cost
you thousands."  When I explained that one of my lawyers had
himself been carried off a plane a few months before, she accused
me of "getting the idea from him.  You wouldn't be trying this
stunt now if he hadn't put the idea into your head."  I am afraid
that I was rather firm with her at this point.  She whirled and
told a member of the crew that she would help carry me off.
  The member of the cockpit crew who sallied forth to do battle
with me was the only TWA staff member who was truly courteous. 
He admitted that I was clearly competent to deal with an
emergency but said that this was not the point.  The problem was
that the pilot would not take off knowingly in violation of a TWA
policy.  At this point I told him, if so, there was only one
thing to do.  They must have me arrested because I was not going
to move.  The pilot eventually came to assure me that they could
not put the lives of 156 people at risk, and I assured him that
violating this policy would not do so, but that if he were
morally compelled to comply with an unjust policy, he could save
a lot of time if he would arrange for my arrest.
  The police had already made one appearance, which abruptly
ended when the female officer in charge of the band of three
learned that a TWA agent had assigned my seat knowing that I am
blind.  With great disgust she announced, "We're out of it.  This
is between TWA and this passenger."  When TWA actually made the
complaint of peace disturbance at the police station, this group
of three did return, but the woman officer refused to arrest me. 
She said hotly that she had received no direct order to do so,
and she would have nothing to do with it.  Officer Mahon made the
arrest and processed the paperwork.  He was very courteous and
made no bones about disliking TWA.  As he took my statement, he
commented that he himself had never prepared for sitting in an
exit row.  Without actually saying so, he left me with the
impression that he thought TWA's stand was foolish.
  When I was released I learned that I could still catch a flight
to Kansas City.  When we got to the gate we realized that it was
flight 323 with 154 unhappy passengers who were not delighted to
see me again.  The compass had failed at about the time that the
air conditioning had been repaired, and eventually TWA decided to
transfer the passengers to another plane.  Most of the people
contented themselves with dirty looks directed at Judy and Pat
since they could appreciate them fully.  There were, however, a
number of young students returning from Europe.  They had led the
applause and jeers as I was taken off the plane.  They now formed
a line for me to pass along as I walked to the jetway.  They made
a number of scathing and condescending comments for my benefit. 
Remaining silent at that moment was almost the hardest part of my
ordeal.  At the jetway our tickets were snatched and new boarding
passes substituted.  Fleetingly I wondered if I should object,
but I was nearly at the end of my rope.  I made my way to row
twenty, where a stewardess was waiting to insure that I did not
try to take my old seat.  She then engaged in the most thorough
and demeaning lecture on the safety features of the plane that I
have ever endured.  I can usually turn these monologues off, but
all I succeeded in doing was eliciting a shrill, "I'm only doing
my job."
  Somehow I managed to doze on the flight, but I roused as the
crew were bringing around the complimentary drinks.  I needn't
have bothered; we were not offered anything.  As Judy and I left
the plane, the only member of the crew to speak to me was the
officer in the cockpit who had acknowledged that I was competent.
  I ask myself now what has been accomplished.  When the head of
security for TWA in St. Louis called me to say that the charges
had been dropped, our conversation demonstrated clearly that he
still believes that I violated a federal law and that blind
people have no right to sit in exit rows because they will impede
rapid evacuation of the plane.  The other passengers for the most
part are now hostile to our cause.  Most of the crew and ground
personnel are in the same condition.
  On the other hand I did not waver from the course I knew to be
right.  I conducted myself with dignity under difficult
circumstances.  More importantly, people who were not involved
have heard about what happened to me.  My hometown newspaper
carried the story on the front page, and a number of people have
gone out of their way to tell me of their support.  Several
members of Congress have already heard my story and are disturbed
at the injustice of what we face.  Most of all, we are
stronger--all of us.  Just as all of us are diminished when any
one of us is forced to break faith with principles, all of us are
energized when any one of us finds the courage to stand by our
principles.  The National Federation of the Blind enabled me to
stand up for myself and for all of us.  I know that we will win
this battle for self-respect and equality.  We are right, and the
justice of our cause will give us the strength we need.

                              Cordially, Barbara Pierce


AIRLINE BEHAVIOR

LIQUOR, INCOMPETENCE, AND EMOTIONAL TANTRUMS

by John W. Smith


  We flew on USAir from Philadelphia to Kansas City, with a
change in planes in Pittsburgh, Friday, June 27th.  Despite our
fears of arriving at the airport later than desired, we
discovered our flight from Philadelphia would be delayed an hour
due to weather out West.  They did tell us at the desk at the
gate that they had no seats for us, though we'd had reservations
in for a month.  Eventually, since there were more non- smokers
than smokers, they made the entire plane non-smoking and we were
issued seats soon afterward.  They said that it was a federal
regulation to declare a flight non-smoking if the majority of
passengers want non-smoking seats.  I was tempted to ask their
definition of "federal regulation."  Our flight to Pittsburgh was
uneventful otherwise.
  Again, we experienced weather delays of about an hour and a
half in Pittsburgh.  We sat on the plane part of that time.  The
Blumes from New Jersey, Connie Wood, and Jim Sofka were also on
board.  There may have been other conventioneers from New York. 
Some were preboarded with their dogs, and the Blumes were asked
to hand in their tickets to be reassigned bulkhead seats but
declined and apparently were not hassled during the flight.  The
same was not true for me.
  As I've often done when flying, I placed my cane in my seat,
between Carol and me, and strapped in securely by my seat belt. 
A stewardess came by objecting to this and ordered me to put it
in the overhead compartment.  Carol and I both said it was okay
where it was.  She sad if I would not comply she would get the
captain.  I kept quiet.  She said she would get the captain. 
Soon, another stewardess came back, apparently accompanied by an
official.  Upon talking with her in the presence of the first
stewardess, I decided to place my cane on the other side of
Carol, secure by the window.  The first stewardess was still
upset and told me not to ask her for anything during the flight. 
She left and the second stewardess expressed some dismay, having
only met the first stewardess five hours before and not knowing
what to do with her.  I was content things worked out as they
did.
  In ten to fifteen minutes, while we still waited due to a
weather delay, the first stewardess came back to apologize.  With
her apology she admitted she'd had a long, stressful day and that
she had the safety of 110 other passengers to consider first.  We
had no special privileges and Carol was not trained in safety as
she was.  Carol had defended me in our earlier hassle.  In fact,
when this stewardess first came back she thought the cane might
have belonged to Carol until I straightened her out.  In any
event, I was content to let things rest despite her hostilities. 
However, when a man across the aisle tried to get her attention
by touching her she scolded him for touching her, saying not to
ever do that again, and that he, too, should not ask for anything
from her on the flight.  She then stormed to the back of the
plane.  The other two stewardesses eventually came back
separately to make sure all was okay and to learn what happened. 
The first stewardess, while still in confrontation with us,
refused to give her name or flight employee number claiming it
was nobody's business and that we had no right to know.  The
second, kindly stewardess also refused to give any information,
including her name, urging us to let sleeping dogs lie.  We
assured her that she, herself, was in no trouble.  By the way,
this was flight 347 from Pittsburgh to Kansas City.
  During the delays, the stewardess served free drinks and folks
in the back got pretty well lit before take-off.  A party
atmosphere developed and passengers got friendlier to one
another.  Soon the first hostile stewardess stamped to the front
of the plane with baggage.  The plane began moving and passengers
cheered, only to be told by the captain on the PA system that
another flight attendant was coming on board in about forty-five
minutes.  He apologized for the inconvenience.  The friendly
stewardess was reluctant to say anything, except we overheard her
say to a row further back that the first lady needed help.  Soon
the other stewardess was gone.  When the replacement came we had
to wait ten more minutes for the ice man, since we had used the
first supply.  The stewardesses were asking how our day had been
in light of the hostile stewardess' mention of a stressful day.
  Finally we took off--three hours later than scheduled.  The
flight went without incident.  The senior stewardess did announce
that their names were Freda (or Rita, I'm not sure which),
Trixie, and our replacement was Myra.  After all that, when we
landed, several passengers were without part of their baggage. 
We were missing a garment bag which arrived late Saturday night. 
Something in me just knew it would happen.  I've never lost
luggage until then.  We were glad when it was all over,
especially since we kept Carol's parents waiting at the airport
three and a half hours.  We arrived at approximately midnight.
  As for our flight back, we went on Ozark airlines.  We
discovered upon sitting down that we were in an exit row--row 14,
seats A and B.  Carol sat by the window and I had my cane between
us strapped in by the seat belt.  We were flying to St. Louis to
change planes.  Despite tense feelings, absolutely nothing out of
the ordinary happened.  No one approached us about my cane or the
fact that we were in an exit row.  When we were in the air after
takeoff I told Carol I dared them to try to move us then!
  The remainder of our flight home went as smoothly as could be
expected.  We were grateful and relieved.
  It's strange that such a smooth flight should happen on Ozark
in light of the behavior of the Ozark official at our convention
a few days before.  However, we've never had any problems at all
in the several times we've flown on Ozark.  One just never knows
what to expect next.  Our flight to Kansas City was our first
flight on USAir.  Needless to say, we weren't impressed.  It is
the first time I've ever heard of a stewardess being ejected.  It
makes one wonder and count his blessings all at the same time.


NO TROUBLE WITH THE EXIT ROW

HOW DO THEY DETERMINE WHO IS BLIND?


               Grand Forks, North Dakota
                           July 10, 1986

Ms. Peggy Pinder
Attorney at Law
Grinnell, Iowa

Dear Ms. Pinder:
  This letter is in response to our recent conversation at the
NFB convention in Kansas City regarding my seating on a Northwest
Airlines flight from Fargo, North Dakota, to Minneapolis,
Minnesota, on June 28, 1986.
  I am legally blind and use a folding white cane when traveling. 
On June 28 my companion, Kathleen Brakke, and I were booked on
Northwest flight 304 from Fargo to Minneapolis.  The plane we
were to fly out of Fargo on was grounded due to mechanical
problems, and a Northwest plane flying from Bismarck to
Minneapolis was diverted to Fargo to pick up the passengers
there.  Prior to boarding the plane we were told that the seating
arrangement wold be open--that is, there would be no preassigned
seats.  We boarded the plane and located two unoccupied seats,
which happened to be over the wing on the left side of the
aircraft.  Dr. James Schobel, President of Mayville State
College, Mayville, North Dakota, was the third passenger in our
row of seats.  We observed that the row in which we were seated
was the emergency exit row and thought no more about it.
  During the course of the flight Dr.  Schobel informed us that
he, too, was visually impaired, being blind in one eye and having
only partial vision with the other.  We were not asked to move by
any of the airline personnel on the flight and remained in our
seats until the plane landed in Minneapolis.  I was not aware at
the time of the extent of the discrimination against the blind by
the airlines, so I did not think that sitting in the emergency
exit row was very significant until I arrived in Kansas City for
the convention of the NFB.
  Enclosed you will find the remains of our airline tickets.  I
am sorry that we had already discarded the boarding passes
although as it worked out they were immaterial anyway.  If you
have any further questions, please feel free to contact me.

                              Sincerely, Earl W. Anderson

NEW YORK AIR PRACTICES ROUTINE RUDENESS


              Bay St. Louis, Mississippi
                           June 18, 1986

Customer Services Department New York Air

Dear Sirs:
  On Saturday, April 26, 1986, I was on New York Air flight 262
from New Orleans to Newark for purposes of going to obtain a
Seeing Eye dog.  I feel that the treatment I received at the
hands of well meaning but misinformed flight personnel cannot be
overlooked.
  I was patiently awaiting the call to board when a flight
attendant on flight 262 (who later identified herself only as
Gayle) asked if I wished to preboard.  I politely declined but
she kept insisting until I had to be more firm in my resolve. 
She then informed me that if I did not preboard I would have to
wait until all other passengers were on the plane.  Since I was
seated near the front of the plane, which was the last group to
be called, I had intentions of boarding with my proper group. 
When my group was called I took my place in line and was quite
competently following the person in front of me, doing just fine,
when Gayle grabbed my arm and said "He can't go down without
flight personnel." She then immediately proceeded to walk down
with me, declining to use the correct procedure of allowing me to
take her arm, and informed other flight personnel that she had a
blind man and three U.M.'s, which we all know stands for
"Unaccompanied Minors."
  When I got on board, another flight attendant named Tony tried
to take my cane away.  I only got out of that one because, for
reasons of my own, I had my collapsible cane with me.  All this
occurred in spite of the fact that, according to my research,
your own policy says that preboarding and bulkhead seating are
optional.  Also, a "Special Service Advisory" was attached to my
ticket when I checked in without my knowledge or consent.
  On the return flight, flight 251, May 22nd, New York Air
personnel attempted to change my advance seat selection from #A
to a bulkhead seat 1F without my knowledge.  It was only due to
the presence of a Seeing Eye instructor that I avoided that one.
  Blind people are tired of the harassment we have received from
airline personnel.  I do not wish special forms on my ticket; if
I decline preboarding I want my wishes respected; I am not a
child and bitterly resent being treated like one and classified
in the same grouping.  Also, FAA regulation 121-589 specifically
reads that we may keep our canes at our seats.  I hope that New
York Air will take steps to correct these problems in the future
and have a word with the flight attendants involved.  In the
meantime, however, I have recommended to Seeing Eye that it avoid
using New York Air whenever possible.  Also, a copy of this
letter is being sent to Kenneth Jernigan, President, National
Federation of the Blind, and to Trent Lott, U.S. House of
Representatives, Washington, D.C., for whatever actions they may
wish to take.
  All we wish is to be treated as any other passenger and to be
left in peace to get to our destinations.  We don't need the
arrogant attitude of overbearing flight personnel who believe
themselves to be experts on blindness.  Thank you for your prompt
attention to this matter.

                              Sincerely, Harvey Heagy


REPUBLIC AIRLINES REPRESENTATIVE SHOWS ENLIGHTENMENT


  As Federationists know, Karen Mayry is President of the
National Federation of the Blind of South Dakota and of the
Diabetic Division of the National Federation of the Blind.  Her
recent experience with Republic Airlines is a refreshing contrast
to the treatment which blind persons have come to expect when
they travel by air.  Here is what she says in a recent letter to
Peggy Pinder:

--------------------

                Rapid City, South Dakota
                            June 9, 1986

Dear Peggy:
  During my recent flight to Hibbing, Minnesota, from Rapid City,
South Dakota, via Republic Airlines, I sat in the exit row from
Rapid City to Minneapolis, Minneapolis to Hibbing.
  I chatted with the Republic representative in the Hibbing
Airport regarding exit row seating and he stated that "you as a
blind person, have a right to sit in the exit row if you desire." 
I have never requested that particular row, but I have been
assigned the exit row both when I book through a travel agent and
when I have purchased the tickets at the airline counter.
  I am happy to report the progressive attitude that I have
experienced when traveling by Republic.

                       Very truly yours, Karen S. Mayry


UNITED AIRLINES:
EXCESS LIQUOR, WHIMSICAL BEHAVIOR AND LACK OF CONCERN FOR SAFETY

by David Ticchi


  In my position as International Marketing Manager for the
Kurzweil Reading Machine, I do a great deal of around-the-world
traveling.  People often ask me if I have any fears of flying,
terrorism, or concerns about doing business in different
countries.  Frankly, I don't have any fears about air safety.  I
am mindful of terrorism, and I would not travel to any area where
I believe I would be incurring great risk.  I feel completely
comfortable doing business with our distributors in different
countries and, in fact, Kurzweil Computer Products would not pay
me to do so unless I was competent.  My greatest concern about
air travel, whether domestic or international, is how I am going
to be treated by the airlines.  From the time I set foot in an
airport and until I pick up my luggage and leave I have no clear
idea of how I am going to be dealt with.  Therefore, I try to
prepare myself for any situation which arises: mandatory rides to
the gate, required pre or post boarding, special seat
assignments, purchasing of headsets, pre or post departure, and
in general a full range of attitudes toward the blind.  This does
weigh on my mind and adds to the tedium of air travel.  It is
unfortunate and unnecessary.  There is no reason why blind people
should suffer the indignities, demeaning behavior, and hassle
which we face every day when traveling by air.
  I would like to tell you of an experience I had on a recent
business trip.  I am responsible for a number of distributors
around the world.  Early in May I made a standard business visit
to our distributor in Hong Kong.  I found my travel there to be
most enjoyable:  Business was successful, and Hong Kong was a
fascinating place to visit.  On my return to the states, I
stopped in Hawaii for two days of R & R.  My itinerary called for
a flight from Honolulu to Seattle to visit with an old college
friend and a flight from Seattle to Boston.
  On May 6, 1986, I arrived at the Honolulu International Airport
to take United Airlines flight #32 to Seattle Washington.  I
first proceeded through the agricultural station where inquiries
were made regarding fruits and vegetables purchased for return to
the mainland.  Then I checked some of my luggage with a baggage
handler.  I told the skycap that I had a ticket and a seat
assignment but I wanted to reconfirm my booking.  He said a
ground agent would handle this for me.
  A young woman arrived on the scene and identified herself as a
United ground agent.  I explained to her that I wanted to
reconfirm my seat assignment.  She said she would do so and that
she would give me a ride with others in a golf cart to the gate. 
I reiterated that I only wanted to reconfirm my seat assignment
and find out from what gate flight #32 was scheduled for
departure.  She insisted on my riding in the cart.  I steadfastly
refused.  She then said, "I am really very pretty, you know."  I
responded, "And I'm not easily seduced." She then went to
reconfirm my seat assignment.  The skycap, Joe, and I chatted. 
He said she really was very pretty, and I replied that I was more
concerned with principle than beauty.
  The ground agent returned and said, cheerfully, that I had been
assigned to seat 31-H, but since that was so far back in the
plane she had moved me to seat 18-H.  This would be easier for me
to walk to.  Frankly, I prefer to sit farther back in the plane,
which is why my travel agent had requested that seat.  I did not
make an issue of this.  I smiled and shrugged and said that I
would walk to the gate.  I had ample time before departure, and I
would enjoy the walk in the fresh air of the wide open Honolulu
Airport.  Joe offered to walk with me as I had a garment bag,
attache case, and a good supply of macadamia nuts as carry-on
luggage.  So we walked together to the gate.  Along the way I
discussed with Joe my chagrin over the change in seat assignment. 
He seemed to understand my reasoning that service ought not to be
imposed but that a paying customer ought to have some options. 
When we arrived at the gate Joe and I had a brief relaxed
conversation.  I gave him a tip, we shook hands, and said
goodbye.  I listened to a Walkman as I waited for departure,
feeling relaxed and satisfied and with a sense of accomplishment
for completing successful business.
  Evidently the departure gate for flight #32 had been changed. 
An agent came over to me and asked if I had a ticket.  I
explained I was leaving on flight #32.  He said it had begun
boarding and he'd be happy to walk me on board.  I grabbed my
carry-ons and walked to the jetway, handed in my boarding pass,
and boarded the plane, a DC-10.  When I stepped aboard I
exchanged greetings with an attendant and realized the agent had
followed me on board.  I explained I was quite familiar with
DC-10's and would have no problem finding my seat.  My only
question was the location of the closet nearest to seat 18-H in
order to hang my garment bag.  I proceeded across the plane and
down the aisle, agent and attendant in procession behind me, and
arrived at 18- H, an aisle seat in the exit row.  There was a
closet in the galley directly across from the exit.  I hung up my
garment bag, placed my attache case by my seat, and since the
overhead compartment was full, an attendant stowed my macadamia
nuts in the rear of the plane.  I hung my jacket in the closet
and sat down.  I asked the person beside me if I could place my
cane between the arm of her seat and the fuselage, as I normally
do.  It wasn't possible.  I thought about placing it in the
closet in the galley since it was only two steps away, but an
attendant told me it was an elevating closet.  I decided to
buckle it in with me in the seat belt.  The plane began to taxi
out.  The flight attendant directly across from mein a jump seat
by the exit said I would have to give up my cane as it was
sticking out in the exit path.  I replied that I intended to keep
it with me as the cane is my mobility and independence.  She said
that in an emergency someone might trip on it.  I told her that
in an emergency I intended to be using it.  She evidently got up
and then returned with a woman who identified herself as Nancy,
head flight attendant.  I added that there was no regulation that
said I had to do so and, in fact, the National Federation of the
Blind had filed suit with airlines, United included, on this
issue and if this went to court "you will lose."  The plane
continued to taxi out to the runway and my cane was buckled in
with me and firmly in my grasp.  Nancy said she would talk to the
captain.  She returned and informed me that if I didn't give up
my cane, the captain would turn back.  I answered, "Turn back."
  A few seconds later I felt some change in the plane's motion. 
I honestly don't know if we were then moving forward, in reverse,
or motionless.  At this point my mind was racing; I was
incredibly angry; but I was determined to keep my composure and
to be smart, not to be mad.  I felt there was a lot at stake
here.  I was proud to be a Federationist as I sat waiting.  I
felt I was prepared.
  A man arrived on the scene and squatted by my seat, at my
level, and said, "Good morning, I understand we have a problem
with your cane."
  I responded, "I guess we do."  I reiterated that my cane was my
mobility and independence and I had no intention of giving it up. 
He stated that I might not be able to move as quickly as others. 
I retorted that that was a matter of pure speculation.  He asked
me if I had any problems with sliding my cane under my seat
toward the rear of the plane and if I would be willing to hold
onto it during take-off and landing.  I responded that I had
absolutely no problem with that arrangement.  He returned to the
front of the plane and we began again to taxi out for take-off. 
The entire incident had been centered on my cane, not my sitting
in an exit row.
  The flight attendant across the aisle from me and I had a
pretty cool discussion.  I really don't remember all the details. 
She said that if "I'd done this to begin with as she suggested,
there wouldn't have been any problem." I told her it was my
understanding that she had wanted me to give up my cane.  If I
had been mistaken, I apologized for the misunderstanding.  In
fact, that was not the case at all.
  Shortly after we were airborne the attendants sold headsets for
the in- flight entertainment.  I told the flight attendant who
had been sitting across the aisle from me that I wanted to buy
one.  She responded that I could have one since I wasn't able to
watch the movie.  I told her that when I go to the movies I pay
for my seat like anyone else.  She replied, "Well, after all the
hassles, we'd like to give you one."  I suggested she give me a
drink instead.  She insisted on giving me the headset and I paid
for my only drink on the flight.  The rest of the flight was
uneventful although the crew as very cool to me.
  It should be noted that the bar was set up in the galley by me
and the exit.  Business at the bar was quite good.  I overheard
an attendant asking a gentleman if he was being met at the
airport or was driving home.  When he answered that he was being
picked up, she gave him another drink and told him she wouldn't
have served him another drink if he planned to drive.
  When we arrived in Seattle I picked up my garment bag, attache
case and jacket, an attendant brought my macadamia nuts, and I
walked to the front of the plane.  An attendant asked if someone
would be meeting me and I responded yes, most likely.  She then
said something to the effect of "Do you know your way around the
airport," and before I could answer she giggled at her own words. 
I should add that I find Seattle to be one of the easiest
airports in the world to learn and get around.  As I was stepping
onto the jetway a man, unidentified and possibly a crew member or
ground staff, asked if I needed a hand with my carry-ons.  I
appreciated his offer and gave him one of my pieces.  I met my
friend at the end of the jetway.
  I had an enjoyable time in Seattle.  The Boston Red Sox won the
game at the King Dome.  And Northwest flight #76 to Boston on May
8 was one of the most pleasant I've ever been on; not just
because of the contrast with United Airlines flight #32 but
because the service was offered and not imposed.  It manifested
the inconsistencies in the ways that airlines deal with blind
people.  The Northwest flight was an example of the way things
should be done when blind people are flying.  I requested to
speak with the head flight attendant so I could compliment the
crew.
  My experience on United flight #32 is illustrative of a simple
fact--that many of the problems which blind people face are
created by organizations and individuals who "know what is best
for us" and who pay little attention to customers and consumers. 
This is not only true with airlines but for each of us in our
everyday lives.
  I did not ask for assistance to the gate--I was TOLD I had to
ride in a golf cart.
  I did not ask to change my seat--my seat was changed and I was
TOLD this would be easier for me.  The new seat, coincidentally,
was an exit row seat.
  When I told the crew I would not need any assistance in
locating my seat, I was not taken at my word--I was TOLD that
someone would assist me, and two people followed me down the
aisle.
  I was not asked to reposition my cane--I was TOLD I had to give
it up.
  I was not permitted to purchase a headset for entertainment--I
was TOLD that I was not capable of watching the movie.
  Flight #32 was very unpleasant.  As I mentioned, I felt
prepared for dealing with this type of experience because I read
the Braille Monitor.  I have also spent time discussing these
problems with Federationists and nonFederationists.  The NFB
philosophy is vitally important for the future of all blind
people in all areas of our lives as a source of pride, strength,
and sustenance.  I am thankful that I am part of the
organization.


OF SPIDERS AND OTHER THINGS


  (Comments by Kenneth Jernigan:  This article appeared in the
Summer, 1986, edition of Barricades, the newsletter of the
National Federation of the Blind of Iowa.  It summarizes and
presumably brings to a conclusion the story of the Iowa
Commission for the Blind.  During the sixties and seventies the
Iowa Commission for the Blind did a great deal to shape state and
federal programs and to pioneer a better way of life for the
blind.  As the agency passes out of existence (even if perhaps
keeping its name), it will hopefully be remembered more for what
it accomplished than for these final sorry chapters of its
history.
  But, of course, there are still blind people in Iowa who need
training, library services, and employment; and there are those
who will need such assistance tomorrow--the newly blinded and
today's children.  What will it be like for them?  Barring a
miracle, the prospects are bleak.  However, the blind of the
state have courage and determination, and the heritage of good
programs is firmly rooted.  Regardless of the odds, the National
Federation of the Blind will continue the struggle for
improvement and a return to quality.  Next year the blind will go
back to the legislature, and in the meantime the Executive Branch
of government and the general public will be constantly reminded
of what has happened and what must be done to change it.  The
blind of Iowa and the members of the staff of the State
Commission for the Blind who stood for so long in the vanguard of
the march to opportunity for the blind will not be content to
stagnate forever in a backwater and sink into anonymity.  In the
meantime one can only view with sadness the dismantling and
destruction of Iowa's programs for the blind.)

  This issue of the Barricades is dedicated to the spider, that
creature whose habits have caused mankind to reflect upon itself
so realistically.  As Shakespeare put it:

Ah, what a tangled web we weave When first we practice to
deceive.

BEING YOUR OWN BOSS

  Many of us work for a boss.  We have learned the hard way that
the boss is always right.  Even if the boss isn't right, the boss
is boss and can fire or discipline us.  Many of us have wished we
could be our own boss.  We could then set our own work rules,
establish our own performance standards, determine whether we
have met these standards, all without fear of being fired by
ourselves.
  For most of us it doesn't work that way.  But Nancy Norman
isn't like most of us.  She is now her own boss.
  When the National Federation of the Blind of Iowa fought so
hard to maintain the Iowa Commission for the Blind as an
independent agency in the 1986 Iowa Legislature, none of us
dreamed this would result.  We were simply trying to preserve the
governmental structure that had long since proven its usefulness
in serving blind Iowans.
  With the active assistance of Nancy Norman and John Taylor, the
legislature eliminated the Commission for the Blind as a separate
agency.  Mrs. Arlene Dayhoff, chair of the former Commission for
the Blind's board, has gone out of her way on several occasions
to praise Norman and Taylor for what they did in this year's
legislature.  We don't agree with the praise, but we certainly
agree these two are responsible.
  The legislature created a Department of Human Rights and placed
the former Commission within it as one of the divisions.  The old
law (now gone) gave the Commission for the Blind the authority to
hire and fire the Director.  It also listed certain basic
services which were to be provided to blind Iowans, and specified
that all these services be provided by the same agency--for
example, a library for the blind, home instruction, an
orientation center, and vocational training in general.  The new
law specified none of this.  The Division may continue to provide
all these services but is not required to; and if the services
are provided, they need not necessarily be in one single agency.
  Even the legislators were so unsure of their creation that they
decided to "sunset" it in a year.
  Under the new law the overall department has a coordinator to
head it; the divisions will be headed by administrators.  The
Governor appoints them all.
  The Governor appointed Mrs. Norman as coordinator of the
overall Department.  Then came startling rumors, now confirmed as
truths.  The Governor also intended to leave Mrs. Norman as the
administrator of the Division for the Blind.
  The department coordinator has certain departmental
responsibilities.  The administrator is responsible for the day
to day operations of the Division for the Blind.  Mrs. Norman
will perform both jobs.
  The coordinator is to coordinate among divisions, reconcile
budget among divisions, and approve hiring decisions.  Mrs.
Norman will do these tasks for the Department while holding the
position as the administrator of the largest division.
  She'll be her own boss.  Wouldn't you like to do that?

THE POWERLESS POLICY MAKERS

  One of Mrs. Norman's attempts in the 1986 legislature to bring
about radical change while disguising it as preservation was her
advocacy for retaining the old Commission policy-making board of
three commissioners under the old name "Commission for the
Blind."  Preservation of the name was Mrs. Norman's particular
touch.  She insisted that, if the name were kept, then things
would go on just the same.  In reality, she hopes that, with the
"Commission" name still in use, the blind of the state will not
notice that the agency structure has been radically changed.  We
all know the story of Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf.  The
Wolf dressed up like grandma in hopes that he could fool Little
Red Riding Hood into coming close enough to be eaten.  The same
way, Mrs. Norman hopes to dress up the Division for the Blind in
its old name so no one will notice there has been a change
underneath.  ("My, what big eyes you have.")
  Mrs. Norman goes on and on about how she kept her promise to
the blind by preserving the "Commission for the Blind."  ("My,
what a big nose you have.")
  She has now taken this fiction one step farther, insisting that
no one will run the Division for the Blind but the "Commission"
board as usual.  ("My, what big ears you have.")
  Of course, everyone knows that policies are made by the person
who has the power to hire and fire.  That's why we would all like
to be our own boss; we'd never face the fear of being fired.  The
legislature endowed the "Commission" board with the power to make
policy for the Division for the Blind.  But it transferred the
power to hire and fire the Division administrator to the
Governor's hands.  The "Commission" then can make whatever
policies it likes.  The administrator can do as the administrator
likes, so long as the administrator pleases whom? Not the
so-called policy-making board.  The administrator can't be fired
by them for disobedience.  The administrator must please the
Governor, who can do the firing.
  When you hear someone insist there has been no change, that the
"Commission" board is still there, and that the "Commission"
board still makes policy for services to the blind, the most
responsible response is: "My, what big teeth you have."

IOWA ABOVE THE LAW

  But surely, you might say, the Division for the Blind must
follow federal law.  Even if its administrator is her own boss,
even if the "Commission" board can't run the place, still federal
law applies.  After all, we all learned in grade school federal
law is the law of the land.  State law can vary from state to
state; federal law is single, unified, and equal in its
application across the land and brushes aside any inconsistent
state enactments.  Surely the Division will be governed by the
minimum federal legal requirements.
  Unfortunately, services to the blind in Iowa seem to fall into
a Bermuda Triangle of sorts.  Nothing is what it seems to be. 
Good old bits of everyday wisdom disappear to no-one-knows-where: 
If something is working fine, why meddle with it?  A person
shouldn't be his or her own boss for that is like setting the fox
to guard the chicken house.  Things should be named by their true
names, or there is bound to be lying and deceit among men and
women.
  All these bits of wisdom have disappeared.  And along with them
has gone the former truth that federal law is supreme and runs
throughout the land.
  On May 29, 1986, Mrs. Norman wrote to Mr. Isaac Johnson,
Regional Commissioner of the Kansas City federal regional office
of the Rehabilitation Services Administration, which is the
immediate supervisor of the Division for the Blind in its
expenditure of about $2,000,000 of federal funds (about
two-thirds of the Division's budget).  Mrs. Norman referred to
the long-standing federal rule that administrators of programs
for the blind must work full time on one job and inquired if she
could simply ignore the rule.  She stated that the Governor of
Iowa wanted her to and asked for Johnson's help in doing so.
  One would think that a federal official would be justified in
responding sharply to such a piece of impertinence.  Mr. Johnson
wrote back on June 3, 1986, in very even-tempered prose (see
reprints after this article), stating that the Governor's wish
did not comply with federal law and laying down the rule that
Mrs. Norman could not be her own boss for a period longer than
sixty days.
  Then the fun began.  Various staff members in the Governor's
office have stated repeatedly that Iowa has a letter from the
federal government allowing Mrs. Norman to be her own boss.  When
questioned about the letter, they refer you to the June 3 letter
written by Mr.  Johnson which says exactly the opposite.  A part
of the Governor's office seems to have strayed into the Bermuda
Triangle.
  Mrs. Norman herself has repeatedly stated that Mr. Johnson has
told her it would be all right for her to be her own boss for at
least a year.  Of course, by the mere effort of opening her mouth
and emitting controlled sounds, Mrs. Norman can literally say
anything.  Mrs.  Norman's startling assertions that a federal
regional official has specifically approved a violation of
federal law have been backed by no stronger evidence.  But she
insists that Mr.  Johnson is ready and willing to do the Governor
of Iowa "the courtesy" of allowing him to run his state as he
pleases.
  Citizens, watch out.  When a governor can do as he pleases
without the restraining hand of law, then it is time to bar the
door.

WHAT DAY IS IT?

  Mrs. Norman states she will spend one day in five working on
the Department of Human Rights matters, and four days in five on
the Division for the Blind.  That is, except for phone calls and
other necessary business of the Department, which she will handle
whenever she must.  She says that Wednesday will be her
Department coordinator day, but you can be sure she will go to a
legislative hearing, budgetary session, and any other meetings
she likes to represent the Department on Mondays, Tuesdays,
Thursdays, and Fridays.  In other words, Mrs. Norman has thought
up her own eighty-twenty match and carefully qualified it so that
she could simply do as she pleases.
  Observers of Mrs. Norman's work habits say that it is more like
fifty-fifty and has been that way for quite some time.  How could
it be otherwise?  Since December of 1985 Mrs. Norman has been
working (against the strong and effective work of the organized
blind) to bring about the destruction of the Commission and its
blending into the Human Rights Department.  Since the legislature
created the Department, Mrs.  Norman has been working to bring it
into being.  And she has never liked the day to day work of
running the state agency for the blind anyway.  That was always
the task of her deputy.  Since the deputy left, the job of
running the agency for the blind has been left to the gremlins.
  Mrs. Norman has been glad for excuses not to fuss with the
boring details at the Division for the Blind.  What she likes are
the opportunities to rub shoulders with other state officials as
head of an important agency and the opportunity to receive
compliments from persons working at the Division.  She also likes
to come in late and leave early.  Don't try to find her in her
office before 9:00 a.m. or after 4:00 p.m.  You'll be
disappointed.  With enough time budgeted for rubbing shoulders
and receiving compliments between 9:00 and 4:00, she can spend
the rest of her days on overall department work without
disturbing her schedule much.  Fifty-fifty should be about right.

WHO PAYS THE BILLS?

  An interesting question has arisen concerning Mrs. Norman's
remuneration for all this work.  She states that she told Ed
Yelick, the Governor's reorganization man, that she had been
doing the work of departmental coordinator since December of 1985
and that she is glad now to be paid for this work, starting July
1, 1986, when the Department officially came into existence.
  In light of such a statement, some have speculated that Mrs.
Norman should return her salary from the Iowa Commission for the
Blind from the period of December, 1985, through June, 1986.  If
she has not been doing that job and has been doing some other, it
is only fair for her to be paid by that other boss, the Governor,
and to let the money mistakenly paid by the Commission come back
to blind people for use in improving their lives.
  The authorized salary for the administrator of the Division is
$41,000.  The authorized salary for the coordinator of the
Department is $44,000.  Does she therefore get $85,000 for the
added difficulty of being her own boss?

THE STAFF

  While Mrs. Norman wrestles with this difficulty, the Division
staff are in quite a different kettle.  Staff who are classified
as "nonprofessional" are now covered by the snares and tangles of
the state personnel law.  They may or may not be automatically
members of the state employees' collective bargaining unit. 
Nobody is sure about this, but they may be unionized without ever
voting on it.  They are now subject to the Fair Labor Standards
Act and its six-minute rule.  You can't work more than an
eight-hour day any more.  You can't volunteer.  You can't even
eat lunch in your office.  You can't come in early or leave late,
even if you want to.  You have six minutes' leeway, and that's
it.  After that, you're in trouble.  Otherwise, you will qualify
for overtime compensation, and the Division isn't about to pay
that.  If you want to work overtime or want to change the
configuration of a particular day's work, you have to get
permission from a supervisor two weeks ahead of time.  So
supervisors at the Division, in addition to their other duties,
must now control desks and work areas and enforce the dread
six-minute rule.  It makes for wonderful working relationships
and does amazing things to dedication and the desire to complete
one's job.
  The professional staff, on the other hand, will not be covered
by the Department of Personnel unless there is an agreement
between the Division and Personnel to cover them.  Mrs. Norman
has already shown great elasticity in her makeup.  She vowed to
keep the Commission as an independent agency.  It isn't.  Now she
vows to keep the professional staff from coverage by Personnel. 
I'd worry if I were there.  As an indicator of her success in
keeping Personnel away from professional staff, Mrs. Norman will
tell you that the Director of the Department of Personnel has no
"immediate" desire to extend coverage to the professional staff. 
"Immediate" itself is a pretty elastic word.
  We've already heard of several persons who intend to leave the
Division for the Blind as soon as the conveniently can.  They
don't intend to mess around with State Personnel and the
six-minute rule and its hypocritical elasticity.

IN-SERVICE--OUT OF SERVICE

  In the past several years, under Mrs.  Norman's direction, we
have noticed a fantastic upsurge in the number of days devoted to
in-service training of Division staff.  One can expect an in-
service every other week or so.
  If this seems improbable, consider the training given, and
planned, for the Division staff in the current federal fiscal
year:  12/19-20/85--new staff seminar; 12/13/85--in-service by
EDUTEK, Field Operations and general staff meetings;
1/22-24/86--in-service by American Foundation for the Blind,
Field Operations and general staff meeting; 2/24- 28/86--training
seminar, Rehabilitation Administration Management, Norman,
Oklahoma; 3/17-18/86--in-service covering individualized
education plans, computerized law library at Drake University,
civil rights, and Iowa Client Assistance Program, and staff
meeting; 3/20-21/86--regional seminar for field supervisors;
4/11/86--"Brag and Steal Day"; week of 4/21/86--hands on data
processing training at South Dakota Library for the Blind;
5/7-8/86-- diseases of eye seminar, Field Operations and general
staff meeting; 7/17- 18/86--training in dictating, Field
Operations and general staff meetings.
  In addition, staff members attended a workshop on interviewing
and interpersonal relations held by the University of Wisconsin;
the manager of the Business Enterprise Program attended two
BEP-related seminars, one a five-day seminar held by the National
Braille Association; twenty-six staff will attend thirty-one
training sessions held by the Iowa Management Training System;
four staff have taken or are taking basic computer courses; three
staff are taking graduate courses in public administration; one
staff member is or will take courses leading to a Master's Degree
in job development and job placement; one is taking a secretarial
course; the Field Operations Program Manager attends Regional
Training Council meetings; the Independent Living Program holds
monthly in-service training sessions; and an in-service on head
injuries is planned for late summer or early fall.
  These in-service programs are usually scheduled in the middle
of the week for the convenience of Mrs. Norman and the
presenters.  This has the effect of wiping out an entire week for
each field staff member who must attend.
  There are three possible explanations for this extensive
training.  One is that training is a substitute for supervision. 
If everyone is told by an expert (paid good money) what things
are supposed to be done, then the things will get themselves done
and the supervisors won't have to mess with the untidy details of
knowing, encouraging, assisting, and otherwise inducing staff to
do what needs to be done.  Another possible explanation is that a
general indisposition for work has grown up at the Division and
these in-services allow apparent work without the reality of
result.  Instead of being out there in the homes of blind people
and the offices of employers, staff can sit around in
air-conditioning and doze while somebody or other talks about
something or other.  It's much easier than working.  Yet, a third
possible explanation is that the Division staff are so hopelessly
stupid at this point that they must continually be retrained or
they won't have the slightest idea of how to do their jobs.
  No, it is quite obvious that none of these is correct.  You
can't supervise by remote control.  The staff (or most of them)
are not lazy.  The staff are not stupid.  And yet the in-service
spiral continues to the tune of over $17,000 a year.
  One thing's for certain: With all the time devoted by staff to
training, at least one staff member needs more.  The Division's
Program Manager for Field Operations, who directs staff training,
had to submit and resubmit the training grant application three
times before he got it right.  "Physician, heal thyself."

EQUALITY

  At a recent staff meeting a Division supervisor made a
startling and beautiful suggestion.  Many staff members, she
said, some of whom had been ill, were having financial problems. 
An emergency assistance program for the staff (a kind of welfare
program) was needed.  After all, she said, the staff should have
the same services that clients have.
  That's right.  You read correctly.  Division staff should
receive the same services that clients do.  We're certainly for
that.  Our only quarrel with the suggestion is that it didn't go
far enough!
  We see a small problem in implementation, but we believe
equality can be achieved one day by beginning now to use some
rather crude tools and refining them as time goes along.  Here's
how it should work:
  The Division staff as a whole should be paid on the average
what blind Iowans on the average receive in monthly income. 
Equal, isn't it?
  But it'll be hard to do at the beginning.  So let's start
equalizing with known, already available statistics.  Let's use,
instead of the entire blind population, just those closed
rehabilitated in the most recent fiscal year.  That's easy enough
to determine.
  While the real beauty of this proposal is its equality, there
are other attractions as well.  First, to implement equality
completely, we'll need to start gathering statistics on blind
people, but these statistics are not now readily available.  We
can start with the rest of the Division's clients.  It should be
fairly easy to set up a system to record income and changes in
income for clients.  This could be factored into the equation as
soon as the data come on line.  Next, we'll have to arrive at a
method of fairly determining the income of blind Iowans not on
the caseload.  This would include former clients who were closed
as rehabilitated prior to last year.  One method of determining
the annual income of all blind Iowans would be to survey everyone
every year.  Of course, we would have to include the blind people
in this state who do not work at all.
  The more accurate gathering of statistics is not the only
attraction of this equality proposal.  The other charm of the
proposal is that it ties the for tunes of Division staff more
closely to those of the blind community.  It's like the theory of
employee stock ownership.  When employees themselves are part
owner of a company, they'll work harder to make sure the company
does well since this will insure that they themselves will
prosper.  In the same manner, the Division staff's average
salaries will be tied to the prosperity of the entire blind
community.  The sky would be the limit.  Once the equality
commitment is made in earnest, it must be kept forever.  As the
income of the blind rises due to hard work of Division staff,
then the income of Division staff will rise as well.  If the rise
is slower or even more nonexistent, the Division staff's salaries
will be correspondingly affected.
  There is much talk these days of privatizing the public sector. 
We think the Division's supervisor has found an even better way. 
Bring private sector incentives into the public sector under the
great and glorious goal of equality for all.
  Mrs. Norman, we think the staff supervisor who brought up this
idea should get a raise.  Or, rather, her salary should be
classed higher than most in the new equality matrix.  After all,
we wouldn't want to pay all the staff the same.  Merit must still
have its due.

FOR WHY?

  With all this to examine, someone might react by asking:  "For
why?  Why do these people engage in such contortions of logic and
common sense?  What is their goal?  Why?"
  It is a valid set of questions.  Why allow someone to be her
own boss, misrepresent governmental structure, flout federal law,
spend what time she pleases being paid as she pleases?  Why
compel staff to adhere to the six-minute rule and be governed by
State Personnel and attend interminable and useless in- service
training sessions?
  There is a simple answer to it all, attributed to Wordsworth:

"For why? Because the good old rule Sufficeth them--the simple
plan
That they should take who have the power And they should keep who
can."

  The following is correspondence between Mrs. Norman and Isaac
Johnson:

--------------------

                        Des Moines, Iowa May 29, 1986

Isaac K. Johnson
Regional Commissioner Rehabilitation Services
  Administration
Kansas City, Missouri

Dear Mr. Johnson:
  The Governor has asked me to serve as the Head of the
Department of Human Rights. . . .
  Enclosed is a rough copy of the reorganization bill.  It is the
Governor's intent that I retain the duties of Director of the
Iowa Commission for the Blind.  Because Federal regulations say
that the Vocational Rehabilitation State Plan must state that
there is a full-time Vocational Rehabilitation Director, I need
your advice as to how to meet with the Governor's wishes and stay
in compliance with the regulations.  Perhaps the Governor could
appoint me as the Acting Director, and an Acting Deputy Director
could be appointed at some time in the future.
  Your assistance is greatly appreciated.

                              Sincerely,
               Nancy A. Norman, Director Commission for the Blind

cc: The Honorable Terry E. Branstad

--------------------

                   Kansas City, Missouri June 3, 1986

Dear Ms. Norman:
  We are responding to your letter of May 29, 1986, indicating
that Governor Branstad has requested you to serve as the Head of
the new Department of Human Rights and also retain your duties of
Director of Iowa Commission for the Blind.  You requested
assistance from this office on how to meet the Governor's wishes
and remain in compliance with the Federal Vocational
Rehabilitation (VR) Regulations.
  You are correct on your interpretation of 34 CFR 361.8 which
requires a full- time director for the VR Program.  Should the
Governor wish to appoint you as interim or acting coordinator of
the new Department of Human Rights, we recommend that an acting
administrator of the Division for the Blind be appointed within
60 days of your assuming duties as interim or acting coordinator
of the Department.
  If we can be of further assistance to you or the Governor,
please let us know.

                              Sincerely, Isaac K. Johnson
                   Regional Commissioner

cc: The Honorable Terry E. Branstad


OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION IN 1986


  (This article appeared in the Summer, 1986, Barricades, the
newsletter of the National Federation of the Blind of Iowa.)

  In some states rehabilitation counselors, ever on the lookout
for status 26 case closures, tend to get a bit nervous when the
fiscal year is drawing to a close and they don't know what to do
with a particular client.  All of a sudden a client is likely to
find that his or her vocational goal has been changed to that of
"homemaker" so the counselor can close the case before the end of
the year and get credit for the "rehabilitation."
  Of course, this never happens in the (pick one):
  --Iowa Commission for the Blind --Division for the Blind of the
Department of Human Rights.
  Or does it?  On May 30, 1986, a client who had planned to be a
teacher found that her goal was changed.  Excerpts from the
amendment to her Individualized Written Rehabilitation Program
follow:

  Vocational Objective: Homemaker (in her own home) 5999
  To Be Attained By: 9/1/86
  Planned Services: Service Category--
Placement and Follow-Up; How Provided-- Client/counselor;
Effective Date--Begin 5/86, end 9/86
  Counselor Remarks: Health problems and non-acceptance into the
[college] has compelled a change of vocational direction.  At
present the client is using learned skills to be a homemaker.
  Client Views: "I am taking care of myself, and trying to get my
college credits straight.  Right now I'm keeping house for myself
and my friend."  (A handwritten note by the counselor referring
to the client remarks states "not direct quote--gist of
conversation.")

  The document was signed by the counselor and the program
manager of the Division's Field Operations Department.
  What had happened was this:  The client in question, who had
not been visited by her counselor for some time, received a
letter from the counselor in late May stating the intention to
close the client's case unless the client contacted the
counselor.  (Choosing this particular method of communication
instead of a personal visit or simple telephone call says a lot
about this particular counselor.)
  When the client telephoned, her counselor stated that a letter
had not been received from [college] stating that the client had
been accepted.  The counselor also told the client that the
Division for the Blind had paid an extra $152 for the client's
[medical] bills and, "in order to justify it, I have to make you
into a homemaker."
  Federal law requires that the Individualized Written
Rehabilitation Program and amendments to it be developed jointly
between the client and the counselor.  Yet, this client was met
with a fait accompli; the counselor said there was no alternative
but to put her into homemaker status.
  For this client the rehabilitation process is coming to an end,
despite the fact that she is trying to get her college credits
straight, despite the fact that she plans to attend college when
she has done so.  Because the Division for the Blind paid extra
for her medical expenses, and because she keeps house for herself
and her roommate, she will henceforth have the vocational goal of
"homemaker"--no matter what she wants.  The client has never
agreed to this change in goal.  This drastic change was simply
imposed upon her.  The counselor neither proposed nor indicated a
willingness to consider alternative vocational goals.
  This is not the only instance of this type of thing, and it is
not just one counselor who is at fault for doing something like
this.  (For example, it's a little known fact, but counselors at
the Division for the Blind have also closed as working and
rehabilitated clients who had "volunteer" jobs for which they
received no pay.)
  There is a temptation in this instance to fix all the blame on
the individual counselor(s).  However, it is only fair to note
that counselors within the Division do not receive intensive
training in rehabilitation law and regulations, nor do they
receive adequate supervision by persons knowledgeable about these
laws and regulations to keep such incidents from occurring.  They
do not receive the right kind of leadership from the
administrator of the Division, who seems to have little interest
in the internal workings of her own agency and no commitment to
the just treatment of the agency's clients.
  There are those at the Division for the Blind who maintain that
nothing has changed, still use the old name of "Commission for
the Blind," and still claim that quality services are provided to
Iowa's blind people.
  Things have changed.  The change in agency structure, from that
of independent commission to division of a larger agency, serves
only to highlight the fact that Iowa's agency for the blind of
the 1980's, unlike its counterpart of the 1970's, is neither
exemplary nor unique.


HAVE YOU HEARD???


  (The following items appeared in the Summer, 1986, Barricades,
the newsletter of the National Federation of the Blind of Iowa.)

What Goes Around Comes Around:
  Her own staff recently took Mrs. Nancy Norman, the Division for
the Blind Administrator, to task for purchasing yet another Xerox
Memorywriter for the agency's Field Operations Department.  At
least a year ago staff members recommended that Mrs. Norman not
purchase any more of the devices, and she promised not to do so. 
It turns out that the Memorywriter, a word processor.  can't be
adapted for either speech or Braille output, and Xerox has shown
no inclination to make it more adaptable.  This caused a crisis
for a local blind typist, who argued against purchase of the
device by her employer, only to be overruled because "the
Commission for the Blind just bought a number of these, and they
should know."  (The literature of public administration teaches
us that a major characteristic of a good administrator is the
ability to judge long- term, as well as the short-term
consequences, of an action.)

"Is Anybody There?"--Part 1:
  Visitors to the Division for the Blind these days are
frequently met by an empty switchboard, containing a sign
(useless to blind visitors) directing them to the front office. 
In days past this highly visible position was staffed by a blind
switchboard operator, who greeted visitors, answered their
questions, and directed them to the agency's various departments,
thus making an important statement about the capacities of blind
people in employment.  Now, sighted clerical personnel take turns
staffing the switchboard--when it is staffed, that is.

"Is Anybody There?"--Part 2:
  Visitors to the Division for the Blind will notice that the
glass-walled administrative office historically occupied by the
agency's deputy director is vacant.  We hear that it will be made
into the file room for the administrative office.  In the past
the deputy director was seated in that high- visibility office
for good management and security reasons--to keep track of who
was entering and leaving the building, assist visitors, and solve
problems (sometimes before they occurred).  Recently the office
was occupied by the administrative assistant to the agency's
administrator, who could perform similar functions, but she's now
moved to the back office.  With switchboard and glass-walled
office vacant, it's now possible for a thief to walk out the
front door with an expensive piece of office equipment,
unhindered (it's been tried before); and the visitors--what about
them?

They'll Be There--With Bells On:  Earlier this year the U.S.
Postmaster
in Des Moines, ignoring 26 years of safe mail delivery to the
Division for the Blind building, threatened to discontinue
service unless the Division stationed staff to warn approaching
blind cane travelers of the mail truck parked at the loading dock
and extending across the Keo Street sidewalk.  We hear that staff
were originally assigned for that purpose but were withdrawn, and
negotiations with the Postal Service opened, after a number of
blind people and Orientation Center staff strongly objected.  We
also hear the Postal Service eventually reduced its demand:  A
staff person now has to watch while the truck is backed in--the
truck itself will now have bells to warn approaching blind
persons.  It would seem that the former Commission for the
Blind's unshakable belief in the capacities of blind people has
now been exchanged for a reliance on bells and whistles.

Another Principle Set Aside?:
  Some disturbing news regarding the Division for the Blind's
Business Enterprise Program (BEP):  Blind persons managing the
agency's food vending operations may face "set-asides," money
taken from their earnings to pay for management and other
services provided by BEP staff.  There's also been some
consideration given to a separate "nominee agency" to manage the
program.  Several other states have recently decided to abandon
their vending programs and use the money for other purposes.  We
fear such a trend to abandon blind vendors might take root in the
fertile soil of the Division for the Blind, where the
administration has not been personally committed to blind persons
for years.  Of course, blind Iowans will remember that the former
Iowa Commission for the Blind prided itself on not charging
"set-aside" to blind vendors and in providing remunerative
employment for many blind entrepreneurs.

THE ROMANCE OF BLINDNESS

by Lauri Klobas


  (This article appeared in the July- August, 1986, Blind
Missourian, the newsletter of the National Federation of the
Blind of Missouri.  It was originally taken from the July-August,
1986, Disability Rag.)

  In The Light That Failed, an artist's masterpiece is utterly
destroyed by his angry model--but he never knows it, for he's
lost his sight.  No one dares tell him his painting is a ruined
mess.
  In Pride of the Marines, blinded veteran Al Schmid believes he
is being picked up from the train station by a WAC in an official
car.  Unbeknownst to him, the driver is the girlfriend he claims
he doesn't love anymore.  She dupes him to force a showdown.
  In Night Song, a blind pianist attracts the attention of a rich
society girl.  He doesn't want anything to do with her.  She
pretends to be someone else, a blind young woman, and he falls in
love, not knowing she is sighted.
  "Light of the Day," a Love Boat episode, features a blind
passenger who mistakes another traveler for a fellow she had a
crush on during college.  The man doesn't tell her she is
mistaken.
  Lionel Ritchie's video of the song "Hello" relays the story of
a teacher in a school for the performing arts who falls in love
with a talented adult blind student.  He watches her from afar as
she plays the flute, dances, and acts--and she never knows he's
there.
  In Mask, a blind girl falls in love with Rocky, a boy whose
face is so startlingly different that others think it's a mask. 
She is untainted by visual prejudice, a metaphor for love and
innocence.
  Dramatically, each one of these pieces succeeded.  We didn't
want the artist to know his masterpiece was tragically ruined. 
We wanted Al Schmid to admit he loved his girl.  We wanted the
pianist to let down his walls and fall in love.  We wanted the
woman on the cruise to live out a fantasy.  We felt the teacher's
poignant want for the talented student and his fear of
approaching her.  We were happy Rocky found a girl who loved him.
  Despite the different stories, the effect is that blindness
is--well, romantic.  Without sight, the character is an innocent
victim of some sort.  They are vulnerable and we, the omniscient
audience, feel a little wrench in our stomachs.
  "Mr. Sunshine," a sitcom currently enjoying a trial run on ABC,
features a lead character who is totally blind, divorced, and a
college professor.  Paul Stark--Mr. Sunshine--also accidentally
stumbles into his closet when leaving his apartment, mistaking it
for the front door.  He wears clothes sighted friends feel they
must tell him are hopelessly outdated.  The new, positive traits
of an independent profession, so "in" on t.v. these days, are
tempered by the vulnerability he sometimes exhibits--which is,
again, romantic.
  What do these portrayals of onscreen blindness tell American
couch potatoes and their families of little spuds?
  Characters who must continually seek assistance of some kind
from people, who can be easily taken advantage of--no matter how
good the intentions--fall into the "need help" category.  As
characters who don't see colors, sunsets, faces, and clothing
styles, they draw out our emotions.  We feel protective and drawn
to them.
  I guess the story of a blind person who sues an employer for
job discrimination isn't quite as romantic.


THE ROCKY ROAD OF THIEL

by Kenneth Jernigan


  As everybody in the field of blindness who cares to know is
aware, Maryland Computer Services went on the rocks early in 1986
and was bought out by Lee Brown and others associated with
Triformation in Florida (not Triformation Braille Services but
the other Triformation, which was formerly joined with
Triformation Braille Services).  There were all kinds of spinoffs
from the disintegration of Maryland Computer Services, including
the loss of the right to distribute Thiel Braille embossers in
this country.  It is generally recognized that the Thiel is
probably the best high-speed Braille embossing device for the
money which can be bought (somewhere around $20,000 or under).
  In short, Hans Thiel (the inventor of the device) is a good
technician, but he seems to do less well when it comes to
negotiating.  In March of this year he came to Baltimore to try
to get the National Federation of the Blind to serve as his
exclusive agent for the United States.  We held lengthy
discussions, but nothing came of them.  Mr.  Thiel wanted us to
agree to buy at least five of his machines each month for a
two-year period with cash on delivery, and the price was not
correspondingly favorable.  At the same time that he was talking
with us he also talked to other groups, including Maryland
Computer.  After several days he returned to Germany with
apparently very little accomplished.  Then, in a telephone
conversation he offered better prices, but we still did not sign
a contract.  In addition to the other reasons which I have given,
there was something else:  We were not at all certain that we
wanted to become a major distributor of such a product with such
heavy capital outlays.
  When Mr. Thiel was visiting with us, we discussed the
possibility of his making a deal with Telesensory or VTEK
(formerly Visualtek).  Subsequent to his conversations with us he
made an arrangement with VTEK, but our information indicates that
the honeymoon was over almost before it started.  In fact, our
sources tell us that as of this writing (September, 1986) VTEK
has purchased only five of the Thiel machines-- and these only
for demonstration purposes.  We understand that their contract
calls for them to purchase at least fifty machines during the
first year.  We are told that Mr. Thiel is furious and has
engaged legal counsel preparatory to a possible lawsuit.  It is
said that Thiel wants nothing more to do with VTEK and is
urgently trying to find ways to break his contract with them.
  But this is not the only potential legal entanglement.  Lee
Brown and the Triformation group are said to be contemplating
legal action against Thiel for what they regard as breach of his
contract with Maryland Computer Services.  Under the
circumstances the following press release (issued by VTEK July 7,
1986) has wry significance:

--------------------

VTEK TO DISTRIBUTE
THIEL BRAILLE EMBOSSER

  Santa Monica, CA., VTEK has acquired
exclusive rights to distribute the Thiel High-speed Braille
Embosser in he United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Israel. 
This device is generally considered to be the world's most
reliable and widely used high-speed Braille printer.
  At 130 Braille characters per second, the printer generates as
many as 4,000 pages of Braille information in a typical
eight-hour work day.  Identified as the Model BETA-X3, it is
famed for its high quality Braille.  An optional alphanumeric
keyboard, user-controlled flexible parameters, and the ability to
prepare tactile graphics such as structural pictures, diagrams,
and curves further enhance the versatility and utility of this
powerful printer.
  VTEK's Chairman, Larry Israel, personally negotiated this new
arrangement with Mr. Hans-Joachim Thiel, and commented, "I'm
pleased that VTEK and Thiel can be associated in this way.  Thiel
is clearly the world's premier producer of high-speed Braille
embossing equipment, and VTEK is the world's largest sensory aid
company.  The relationship seems particularly appropriate because
the reputations of the two companies for quality products and
full service and support mesh so well."
  Isreal further noted that equipment is available for July
delivery, thereby ensuring an uninterrupted stream of deliveries
to meet the needs of American consumers.  He also pointed out
that the large number of units already installed is the best
possible assurance to users that this is not unproven
"development equipment" still requiring thorough testing and
debugging.
  Demonstrations are expected to be conducted at three major
conventions this summer: National Federation of the Blind,
American Council of the Blind, and the Association for Education
and Rehabilitation of the Blind and Visually Impaired.
  Approximately 100 of these superb devices have already been
installed in North America, and they have a field- proven record
for reliability and quality.  VTEK will provide demonstrations
and full installation and support services for the Thiel Braille
Embosser.
  VTEK officials also noted that Thiel had previously announced a
high-speed interpoint Braille embosser, currently undergoing
field trials, which VTEK will distribute in the United States and
some other countries.  First deliveries of that interpoint
embosser are expected in January, 1987.
  For additional information, contact your nearest VTEK field
representative or the home office using toll-free telephone
lines: 800-345-2256 (Continental U.S. and Hawaii); 800-521-5605
(California); in Canada and Alaska: 213- 452-5966.


PLEASE SAVE ME THE EXIT ROW SEAT

A FIRST TIMER'S LOOK AT A NATIONAL CONVENTION

by Dan Barrett


  "I really think that you should try to attend the convention." 
Those were the last words I heard from the bright voice of
Barbara Pierce late one Sunday evening in May of 1986.  I had won
a National Federation of the Blind scholarship.  So what, I
thought.  I had experienced conventions for the blind before. 
Why, just last year I had attended the American Council of the
Blind's national convention for a day as a scholarship winner.  I
was given coffee and donuts, a certificate, a pat on the head,
and then sent on my way.  Not knowing anybody can make one feel
really out of place, I thought.  I convinced myself that going to
the convention would only hurt my summer school grades and give
me a week of lonely feelings.  How could I have known at that
time how far from the truth I was?  How could I have known how
the NFB would change my life?
  Then, early one Saturday morning, I found myself traveling to
Kansas City.  I was still apprehensive, but I vowed to get
involved.  From the very moment I set foot in the Hyatt I could
feel the momentum.  In the check-in line I struck up many
conversations and began to feel welcomed.  By chance I met Peggy
Pinder, the Scholarship Chairman, in line and spoke to her for a
while.  I just could not believe all the attention everyone paid
to me, even without formal introduction.
  Soon meetings and convention sessions began, and I found myself
glued to my seat.  I never would have thought I could have been
so entranced by a convention meeting.  The topics were pertinent,
the arguments logical, and the conclusions the best possible.  At
the close of the week the banquet was held.  And what can be said
about this climax that has not been said already?  All I can say
is that more than an event, the convention is an experience.
  And so to all of you who have never attended a convention, I
urge you to attend.  Any excuse you might have I had, and now I
know differently.  Maybe you cannot make it every year, but try
to get to at least one; you will feel no regrets.  From
conservative to liberal, from reactionary to radical, there is
something for everyone at a national convention.  It is difficult
to relate what is felt at a Federationist's first convention. 
Agian, it is more than an event.  It is an experience.  I thank
the Federation for giving me the chance to attend.  And I thank
especially Steve Benson, Barbara Pierce, and Peggy Pinder for
showing me a part of myself I did not know existed or did not
know I had suppressed.  Hope to see all of you on the plane to
Phoenix in '87, and remember, PLEASE SAVE ME THE EXIT ROW SEAT!!!


A READER COMMENTS ON "MR. SUNSHINE"


                          7709 S. Austin Burbank, Illinois 60459
                      September 14, 1986

Dear Braille Monitor:
  I, too, watch "Mr. Sunshine" with interest.  My friend, the
late Stephen Rogers, was an English professor at Notre Dame
University in South Bend, Indiana.  Not only was he tops in his
field, receiving all kinds of awards for his teaching.  But he
was a well- adjusted, capable human being who participated in
activities with his family, made most of his own home repairs,
did beautiful woodworking, et cetera.  I am not certain what Dr.
Rogers (he preferred to be called Steve) would have thought of
this program, "Mr. Sunshine." It certainly would not have been
regarded as a biographical sketch of anyone we know.
  But, of course, Dr. Rogers is an exception to the rule.  We
know that television by its very nature and by the laws of our
great country must always reflect the absolute truth in
everything.  Why, the networks would not have it any other way. 
"Sanford and Son," "The Jeffersons," and the "Bill Cosby Show"
accurately reflect the lives of the average black people in
America just as "Trapper John" and "General Hospital" show what
real doctors are like.  And since I watch t.v. a lot, I know that
all people from Texas wear boots and play the banjo!  And living
near Chicago, I can tell you that the Blues Brothers and Big Al
are waiting to say hello to all yous guys.
  Do you think this is silly?  So are the folks who believe "Mr.
Sunshine" is anything more than a damn poor effort to boost
ratings for ABC.  If people can't see through that, then they
really have a problem.  Maybe they play rock music backwards to
get messages from the devil.  But a man's gotta do what a man's
gotta do, and if ABC needs the money so bad, why shouldn't they
exploit (ugh, I mean expose) another minority!  So go on, ABC! 
MAKE MY DAY!

                           Paul Van Dyck


MR. SUNSHINE

AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR THE BLIND GETS INTO THE ACT

JEFFREY TAMBOR COMMENTS

by Kenneth Jernigan


  In the August-September, 1986, Braille Monitor we carried an
article on ABC's television show "Mr. Sunshine."  In one way or
another most organizations and individuals related to the
blindness field have expressed (either publicly or privately)
opinions about this show.  In the Summer, 1986, issue of AFB News
the American Foundation for the Blind joins the parade.
  Apparently the Foundation interviewed Jeffrey Tambor, the actor
who plays the part of the blind professor, "Mr.  Sunshine."  Here
is what the AFB News printed:

--------------------

AFB Talks to "Mr. Sunshine"

by Fay Hava Jarosh

  On March 28, 1986, ABC-TV set a precedent in network television
viewing with a new prime time comedy series featuring, for the
first time, a blind central character.
  Produced by Henry Winkler/John Rich
Paramount Network Television, the show stars Jeffrey Tambor.  He
plays Paul Stark, an acerbic college English professor whose wit
and ingenuity have brought him through many crises, including the
accident that left him blind.
  Tambor, who is sighted, is an accomplished actor whose 25-year
career spans theater, films and television, including the highly
acclaimed "Hill Street Blues."  He feels "Mr. Sunshine: is not
about blindness as much as it is about one man's way of handling
an obstacle in his life.
  "Sitcoms are an integral part of our culture, and therefore it
is appropriate that we feature a mainstream issue like
blindness," Tambor told AFB NEWS.
  He said the depiction of Paul Stark as a witty and cantankerous
character is essential to the show's point of view.
  "A man could approach being blind from different
perspectives--be it tragic, comic or apathetic.  Stark chooses
comedy and it is through his wits that he endures," Tambor said.
  "The point of the show is that humor and ability to laugh at
oneself are the ways to go in this life, whether or not you've
got an impairment."

Researching His Role

  Tambor prepared for his role by studying and observing at the
Braille Institute for the Blind in Los Angeles.  Feeling "more
like a voyeur than an actor" researching his role, Tambor said it
was difficult to achieve an objective student mode.  "I was
emotionally moved by what I saw--people coping with their
impairment without sentiment or pity."
  Tambor was taught adaptive techniques at the Institute, such as
traveling with and without a cane.  Concerned about the accuracy
of his physical portrayal of blindness, he reported that
rehearsal periods were the most difficult sessions he had ever
encountered.
  When asked about some of the techniques he adopted, such as the
way he moved about the set, Tambor said he did make some personal
choices which may not have been "by the book."
  "As an actor, I took some license in portraying Stark with his
own unique personal style, something which everyone, blind or
sighted has," he said.
  "Mr. Sunshine" has had a profound impact on Tambor as an actor
and a person.
  "The intensive research period at the Institute taught me to
listen in a new and more pronounced way and the encouraging
outlook of the blind persons I studied inspired a more positive
attitude toward life," he said.  "More than anything else, 'Mr.
Sunshine' prompted me to ante up my participation in life."

--------------------

  As frequently happens, it is hard to tell how many of the
nuances of Tambor's comments the writer of the AFB article
understood.  Consider this passage, for instance:
  "'A man could approach being blind from different
perspectives--be it tragic, comic or apathetic.  Stark chooses
comedy and it is through his wits that he endures,' Tambor said. 
The point of the show is that humor and ability to laugh at
oneself are the ways to go in this life, whether or not you've
got an impairment.'"
  Tambor says that a man could approach blindness from the
perspective of being comic, apathetic, or tragic; but what he
fails to say (and what the Foundation writer also fails to say is
that there are other ways--more positive and, for that matter,
more realistic ways.  One could approach blindness from the
perspective (assuming one got the right training and opportunity)
of being simply one more trait in the totality of one's daily
life.  Blind people who laugh at themselves because of their
blindness (just like fat people who make fun of their fatness or
black people who make fun of their blackness) are not funny but
pathetic.  Of course, Mr.  Sunshine can't be simply an ordinary,
realistic blind person.  Otherwise there would be no drama, no
conflict, no excitement--and no good salary or high ratings.
  There would be no harm to it except for the damage it does to
the lives of the nation's blind.  Try putting on a program like
that about blacks or women, and see how far you get before the
outrage and fury drive you off the air.  The fact that there is
not general public outrage because of "Mr. Sunshine" is as
damning as any commentary one could make.  It is not necessary to
go beyond the name of the main character to make the point.  Try
naming the main character in a show about a black man "Mr. 
Watermelon" or "Mr. Shoeshine," and see what happens to you.
  Perhaps the problem is the fact that Jeffrey Tambor got his
training about what blindness is like from the Braille Institute
in Los Angeles, a place which is certainly not noted for its
pioneering outlook.  Tambor says:
  "'I was emotionally moved by what I saw--people coping with
their impairment without sentiment or pity.'"
  Again, the problem is with the nuances, the failure to
comprehend.  Properly understood and dealt with, blindness simply
isn't like that.  It requires no great courage to cope with the
"impairment" without "sentiment or pity"--unless, of course, one
is talking about the impairment imposed upon us by public
attitudes--such as those being fostered by "Mr. Sunshine."
  Then, there is that passage which reads:  "'The intensive
research period at the Institute taught me to listen in a new and
more pronounced way and the encouraging outlook of the blind
persons I studied inspired a more positive attitude toward life.
. . .  More than anything else, 'Mr. Sunshine' prompted me to
ante up my participation in life.'"
  If somebody wants to regard us as a source of inspiration and
thinks it makes his life better, it may be all right; but not if
he does it by making our lives worse--especially, if he does it
so that he can get a lot of money and recognition out of it. 
That is not good acting.  Better words would be hypocrisy and
prostitution.  One starts by trying to be understanding and fair
about this so-called comedy, but as the message keeps sinking in
and the detrimental results keep piling up, the mood changes. 
"Mr. Sunshine" is unadulterated trash, and what it says about
blindness and blind people is an unmitigated lie.  The fact that
it tries to be funny simply adds grossness to it all.  Let us
hope that ABC has the decency to remove this throwback to the
Middle Ages from the air.  If they don't let us find a way to see
that they do.


PROCLAMATION


State of South Carolina Office of the Governor

Proclamation by
Governor Richard W. Riley
On
National Federation of the Blind
Month


  WHEREAS, for thirty years the National Federation of the Blind
of South Carolina has been committed to the goal of promoting
equality, opportunity, and security for the blind citizens in the
Palmetto State; and
  WHEREAS, the National Federation of
the Blind has been the leading organization of blind citizens in
the State of South Carolina; and
  WHEREAS, through public education, legislative advocacy, and
support of blinded citizens, the National Federation of the Blind
of South Carolina has advanced the rights of blind citizens in
the Palmetto State.
  NOW, THEREFORE, I, Richard W. Riley,
Governor of the State of South Carolina, do hereby proclaim the
month of August, 1986, as:

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE BLIND MONTH

in the State of South Carolina and ask all citizens of the
Palmetto State to recognize the accomplishments of the Federation
and its efforts to promote equality, opportunity, and security
for blind citizens throughout South Carolina.

Richard W. Riley
Governor


FROM A RECENT LETTER FROM GERTRUDE WARD


  (Note from Kenneth Jernigan: Gertrude
Ward, who is a long-time Monitor reader, is a deaf-blind senior
citizen.  She has successfully raised her children, who in their
turn are successful, contributing members of society.  Gertrude
has been writing to me for more than a dozen years, and as
Monitor readers know, she has very definite opinions.
  Sometimes her comments are caustic, sometimes witty, and
sometimes nostalgic--but one thing is certain: You never have any
question about what she means or where she stands.  You may not
agree with her, but she wouldn't care if you didn't.  She
believes it.  Otherwise, she wouldn't say it.  Here are some
comments from one of her recent letters.)

  My son Cameron is training to be an airline pilot.  He said the
stewardess is supposed to know how to open the emergency door and
is supposed to sit there.  Well, she doesn't do it.  She seems to
spend her time harassing the blind.  I would tell her to mind her
business and let me mind mine or else. . . .
  There should be specially trained teachers for the blind in
lower grades.  Mainstreaming has resulted in poorer education for
blind children.  Blind children are held back in public schools
by people who do not know to teach or train them. . . .
  I have been thinking that when a blind person (just because of
pride) pretends to see things he cannot, he is doing untold harm
to the cause of the blind. . . .
  Kidnapping is a federal offense.  Is NFB going to do something
about it?  There is no law that says you have to feed your baby
in a highchair.  I hope NFB brings that doctor to book. 
Personally I think the baby [she is referring to the article in
the August-September, 1986, Monitor] was far underweight for her
age, but they could have helped the mother instead of snatching
her baby.  I would like to tell that doctor what I think of such
highhanded conduct. . .
  There is no law that forces blind people in this country to
place themselves in custodial workshops.  So is it not the
blind's own fault that such places still exists?  The blind do
not have to obey the rehab (or is it "rehash") people.  They
never roped me in.  I gave them hell more than once.  After World
War II the counselors analyzed a job and then trained the blind
person to do that job.  This was more effective in placing the
blind in employment than what is being done today.  Let's do it
that way again.
  Cokes and burgers are not among my favorite foods.  How about a
good roast beef and salad?


BILL GRIMM AND COMPUTER AIDS CORPORATION

MAKE ANNOUNCEMENTS


  Bill Grimm (who is blind and who is President and founder of
Computer Aids Corporation of Fort Wayne, Indiana) issued a press
release dated July 15, 1986.  Computer Aids Corporation issued a
press release dated August 27, 1986.  Both of these releases deal
with computer technology which may be of use to the blind.  The
Monitor expresses no opinion concerning the technology which is
described, but we thought it would be of interest to those
readers who are knowledgeable about computers and computer
technology.  Here in their entirety are the two releases:

--------------------

New Spreadsheet Software for the Blind
Uses Voice Output

  Fort Wayne.  Bill Grimm recently released a spreadsheet program
designed to work with popular voice synthesizers.  Known as
"Rapsheet," the program is being made available as "shareware."
Versions have been written for both the Apple and the IBM PC.
  Grimm is President and founder of Computer Aids Corporation, a
Fort Wayne, Indiana, based company that specializes in computer
products for the blind and visually impaired.  But Rapsheet is
not a product of the company.  Grimm explains, "I wrote this
program for my own needs really, but I decided that it was good
enough perhaps to be of value to others.  It's a very simple
program; certainly not Lotus 1-2-3, but it is functional, and if
nothing else, it should be a good learning experience for those
interested in getting involved with spreadsheets."  Rapsheet can
be passed around freely.  The distribution disk contains a
complete User's Manual, in addition to the actual software. 
Also, several financial models are given on the disk as examples. 
When you send a $35 donation directly to Grimm, he will send you
the latest copy of the program, a print copy of the User's
Manual, and a ninety-minute audio- cassette tutorial.  "In the
tutorial I've tried briefly to touch on spreadsheet concepts and
show how they are applied through the design of actual models,"
says Grimm.  "The tape is especially important for those just
getting started with spreadsheets."
  Rapsheet can hold up to 132 labels, constants, and formulas
with its six- column by twenty-two-row matrix.  Operations
include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division,
summation, and exponentiation.  Models once created can be
edited, printed, saved on disk, and later reloaded.  Special
voice features allow cell contents to be reviewed, individual
rows to be reviewed, and columns to be read vertically.  Rapsheet
is constructed to work with popular voice synthesizers and
screen-reader programs.  This includes the TexTalker program from
Street Electronics with either their Echo II Plus or the Cricket. 
On a PC, Rapsheet works with Screen-Talk and the PC Talking
Program combined with virtually any popular synthesizer.  The
Apple version requires an eighty-column Apple IIe or Apple IIc.
  Rapsheet can be obtained by contacting BAUD, a nationwide
user's group for talking computer users.  For duplication and
mailing charges, $5 should be included with your order, and you
must specify either the Apple or the IBM version.  The address
is: BAUD, 1158 Steward Avenue, Bethpage, New York 11714; (516)
433-0171.
  If you wish to make the $35 donation and receive the tape
tutorial, send a check directly to Grimm along with a note
specifying Apple or IBM.  The address is: Bill Grimm, Post Office
Box 10367, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46852.

--------------------

New Solutions for PC Access By the Visually Impaired

  Fort Wayne, Indiana, August 27, 1986.  Computer Aids
Corporation announced the latest generation of screen-reading
software for the IBM PC and compatible computers.  Screen-Talk
Pro includes a powerful macro capability that offers a solution
to the problem of applications programs that write directly to
the computer's video circuitry.  Now programs such as Lotus
1-2-3, Word Perfect, DBase, Turbo-Lightning, and others can be
set up with Screen-Talk Pro to provide a completely voice
interactive environment for visually impaired users through the
use of Screen-Talk Pro and an attached voice synthesizer.  Keith
O'Neil, National Marketing Director of Computer Aids, explains:
"Intercepting screen output at the DOS level isn't enough
anymore.  Too many popular programs bypass the DOS screen service
routines, and thereby the software hook that would attempt to
share this output with the voice synthesizer."  O'Neil goes on,
"With Screen-Talk Pro a completely interactive environment can be
established by adding those desired voice responses to the
applications program's existing command set."
  At a recent demonstration Bill Grimm, President of Computer
Aids, illustrated this concept using Screen-Talk Pro with Lotus
1-2-3.  Grimm said, "With Lotus the F5 key is used to move the
cell pointer directly to any cell on the worksheet.  When F5 is
pressed, a prompt appears on line 2 of the screen asking for the
address of the desired cell.  What we can do is extend the
function of F5 into a macro that will first give Lotus the F5
command, and then the Screen-Talk Pro command for reading the
desired line on the screen."  Grimm concludes, "The net effect is
that by going through an application program and adding voice
responses to the command set of the application we can simulate a
totally voice-interactive environment."
  In addition to this new facility for dealing with otherwise
silent applications programs, Screen-Talk Pro has many other new
capabilities.  First, for the macro processing, Screen-Talk Pro
comes bundled with ProKey, the popular macro processor from
Rosesoft.  Other new features include the ability to recognize
all monochrome and color video attributes, a "find" command for
locating video attributes, and other strings of characters on the
screen (either forward or backward from the cursor), and a
special pre-boot procedure for working with the non-DOS disks
such as the InfoCom series of adventure games.  Text can be
reviewed by word, letter, screen, or up to 10 windows may be
created to customize the review.
  Screen-Talk Pro runs on an IBM PC and most compatible computers
with at least 128K of RAM memory, and one 5-1/4 inch disk drive. 
Most popular voice synthesizers are supported, including Echo,
Votrax, and DecTalk.
  Computer Aids adds Screen-Talk Pro to an already well
established line of computer-based products for the visually
impaired community.  The list includes Small-Talk, the talking
lap computer; Word-Talk, for word processing; Braille- Talk, for
translating ASCII text into fully contracted Braille for
embossing; and File-Talk, a new talking database manager for the
Apple.  Most of Computer Aids software products are available for
both IBM and Apple computers.
  Screen-Talk Pro is available for $395.  For complete
information call toll-free:  1-800-647-8255 or write: Computer
Aids Corporation, 124 West Washington, Lower Arcade Fort Wayne,
Indiana 46802.


****************************************

RECIPES

****************************************


THANKSGIVING DINNER ROLLS

by Gwen Rittgers

********************

  (Note: Gwen Rittgers is a long-time Federationist from
Missouri.)

3 cups flour
1-1/2 teaspoons salt
1/2 cup butter or margarine 1/4 cup evaporated milk 1/4 cup water
1 tablespoon sugar
2 packages active dry yeast 3 eggs, slightly beaten

  1. Sift 1-1/2 cups of flour and the salt into a bowl.  2. Heat
the butter, milk, water, and sugar to warm.  Add the yeast, let
stand two to three minutes, and stir to dissolve.  3. Add this
mixture to flour.  Mix well.  Beat until smooth.  Cover and let
stand in a warm place for 20 minutes. 4. Add eggs and remaining
flour.  Beat vigorously.  Knead the dough in the bowl until
smooth and satiny.  Add a bit more flour if dough is too sticky
to handle.  Cover and let rise until doubled in bulk, about one
hour.  5. When dough is risen, knead down lightly and divide into
24 to 30 pieces.  Form into small balls and place in greased pan. 
6. Cover and let rise until doubled in bulk.  Bake in a hot oven
of 425 degrees for 15 minutes.  Makes 24 to 30 rolls.

********************


LIGHT AND LEMONY PUDDING

by Dottie Neely

********************

  (Note: Dottie Neely is a member of the Jefferson City,
Missouri, Chapter of the National Federation of the Blind.)

1 tablespoon unflavored gelatin 1 tablespoon cold water 1/2 cup
sugar
1 cup boiling water 1/2 cup cold water
1/4 cup lemon juice (I prefer fresh juice)
1/4 cup non-fat dry milk 1/2 cup ice water
1 teaspoon grated lemon rind (optional)

  Soften gelatin in 1 tablespoon water.  Add boiling water to
dissolve.  Add sugar, 1/2 cup cold water, lemon juice, and rind. 
Then chill until very thick, about 90 minutes.  Chill a deep
mixing bowl and beaters.  Add dry milk, ice water, and 1/4
teaspoon lemon juice to bowl.  Beat until fluffy, then chill. 
Break up lemon mixture with fork and add to the whipped mixture. 
Beat well with electric mixer until pudding is fluffy, but not
too stiff.  Pour into glasses and chill until firm.

********************


STUFFED BURGER BALLS

by Robin Hauck

********************

  (Note: Robin Hauck is President of the Student Division and a
member of the Baltimore Chapter of the National Federation of the
Blind of Maryland.)

2 pounds ground beef
1 box Stove Top Stuffing 1 small diced onion
1 slice of diced bread 1 can of beef gravy

  Cook stuffing per directions on box, keep warm.  Mix egg and
onions, then add bread crumbs.  Pour the mixture over the beef
and work it through.  Pat beef down to be about 1/3 of an inch
thick.  Then form 3 large flat squares.  Using warm stuffing mix,
form 3 large, firm, solid stuffing balls.  Take each square of
meat and center it at the top of each ball, allowing the 4
corners to fall down each side of the ball.  While leaving the
ball stationary, with a flat bottom base, mold the beef securely
around the sides and top of the ball.  Bake in oven at 350
degrees for 45 minutes.  When finished, turn upside down, pick
apart with fork, and pour heated gravy over balls.  Makes for a
cheap, easy, and filling meal.

********************


PUMPKIN BREAD

by Cynthia Handel

********************

  (Note: Cynthia Handel is one of the leaders of the National
Federation of the Blind of Pennsylvania.)

2 cups sugar
3 eggs
2 cups flour
1/2 teaspoon baking powder 1 cup melted butter 2 cups pumpkin
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon ground cloves 1 teaspoon
cinnamon 1 teaspoon nutmeg

  Beat sugar and butter.  Add eggs one at a time and beat until
light and fluffy.  Add pumpkin and beat.  Then add remaining
ingredients.  Divide into two greased loaf pans.  Bake in a 325
degree oven for one hour.  Cool 10 minutes, then remove from pans
to finish cooling.

********************


CHOCOLATE FUDGE CAKE

by Cynthia Handel

********************

3 squares unsweetened chocolate 2 teaspoons baking soda 1/2 cup
butter
3 eggs
1 cup sour cream
2-1/4 cups sifted flour
1/2 teaspoon salt
2-1/4 cups packed light brown sugar 1-1/2 teaspoons vanilla 1 cup
boiling water

  Melt chocolate in top of double boiler (or in microwave) and
cool.  Grease and flour two 8-inch pans.  Sift together flour,
soda, and salt.  Beat butter until soft.  Add brown sugar and
eggs.  Beat on high for five minutes.  Beat in vanilla and cooled
chocolate.  With wooden spoon, stir in dry ingredients
alternately with sour cream.  Stir in boiling water.  Bake at 350
degrees for 35 minutes.

********************


CHOCOLATE FUDGE FROSTING

by Cynthia Handel

********************

4 squares unsweetened chocolate 1 pound confectioners sugar 2
teaspoons vanilla 1/2 cup butter
1/2 cup milk

  Melt chocolate and butter in small heavy pan over low heat.  (I
use the microwave.)  In medium bowl combine sugar, milk, and
vanilla.  Stir until smooth.  Add chocolate mixture.  Place bowl
in pan of ice water and stir with wooden spoon until spreading
consistency.

********************


SHOW-OFFS

by Cynthia Handel

********************

2 cups peanut butter 2 cups chopped nuts 2 eggs
2 cups confectioners sugar 2 cups chopped dates

  Mix together.  Form balls about the size of large cherry
tomatoes.  Chill several hours or overnight.
  In double boiler mix a 12-ounce package of chocolate chips and
1/4 stick of paraffin wax.  Dip balls into mixture.  Set on waxed
paper to dry.  Makes about 5 dozen.
********************

MONITOR MINIATURES * * * * * * *


**New Baby:
  Carol and Gene Coulter have been members of the NFB for ten
years and are presently members of the Columbia, Missouri,
Chapter.  We recently received from them the following card:

Happy, proud and glad--that's us!  And here's the reason for the
fuss:

  Her name is Elisabeth Jean Coulter; she arrived on July 17,
1986, at 1:35 p.m.  She weighed 7 pounds, 11-3/4 ounces, and was
21 inches long.  Proud parents: Carol and Gene Coulter; Proud
Brother: Larry Coulter.

**Alumni:
  We have been asked to carry the following announcement:
  "We are trying to update and expand the membership list of the
Alumni Association of the West Virginia School for the Blind.  If
your address has changed in the past couple of years and you have
not received an invitation to the annual Alumni meeting, or if
you attended the West Virginia School for the Blind and have not
attended an Alumni meeting and would like to know about the 1987
meeting, please send your name and address to: Debbie Koester,
125 Regent Drive, Bel Air, Maryland 21014."

**Married:
  Bonnie O'Day, Secretary of the Tidewater Chapter of the NFB of
Virginia, sends us the following announcement:
  "The NFB of Virginia, Tidewater
Chapter, is pleased to announce the marriage of Deborah Butler
and Stewart Prost on July 13, 1986, at the Obicey House in
Chesapeake, Virginia.  Deborah and Stewart met at the annual
convention in 1982 and have been keeping the airlines and
telephone company happy with long distance calls and visits
between Stewart's home in Minneapolis and Debbie's home in
Portsmouth ever since.  Stewart has located employment at the
Portsmouth Psychiatric Institute.  We wish them well."

**For Sale:
  We have been asked to carry the following announcement:
  "I have for sale: 2 soft-pack carrying cases for the Optacon, 1
with shoulder strap, 1 with hand strap, $35 each; 1 4- line metal
slate, 27 cells, $5, $5.75 with stylus; 1 slate for marking
Braille playing cards, $5, $5.75 with stylus; 1 slate for making
cassette labels, $5, $5.75 with stylus; 1 interpoint slate (which
means you can write on both sides of the paper), 18 cells, 8
lines, $10, $10.75 with stylus; 1 stylus and eraser set shaped
like a pencil, $5; 1 French math slate that has 100 cubes marked
in Braille (marked in such a way that it will give the numbers
from 0-9, as we used this a great deal for calculations before
the talking calculator came in); 4 plastic Braille bingo cards
with pegs to cover the numbers, $5."
  For further information contact Sam Sitt, 1751 S.E. Jackson
Street, Stuart, Florida 33497; 305-286-0005.

**Elected:
  Albert Sanchez writes:
  "In August, 1986, the National Federation of the Blind of
Washington, Spokane County Chapter, held elections for the
upcoming year.  Those elected were: Albert Sanchez, President;
Paul Whipple, Vice President; John Croy, Secretary; Lissa Nash,
Treasurer.  Don Edwards and Gloria Whipple were elected to the
Board of Directors."

**NAPUB:
  Sharon Duffy writes:
  "At the NFB convention in July of 1986 NAPUB (the National
Association to Promote the Use of Braille) met and elected
officers.  They are: President, Betty Niceley; First Vice
President, Dr.  Emerson Foulke; Second Vice President, Nadine
Jacobson; Secretary, Sharon Duffy; and Treasurer, Victor
Hemphill.
  "If you wish to join NAPUB or to renew your membership, please
send one dollar along with your name, address, and phone number
to Betty Niceley, 3618 Dayton Avenue, Louisville, Kentucky 40207. 
This will entitle you to a year's subscription to our newsletter
in Braille (unless you request print).
  "If you wish to submit articles for the newsletter, please
write to: Sharon Duffy, 3435 W. Berteau, Chicago, Illinois
60618."

**Aprons:
  Dottie Neely, Fundraising Chairperson
of the Jefferson City, Missouri, Chapter writes:
  "The Jefferson City Chapter has for sale 'Fundraising Aprons'
made of white canvas with the NFB logo and the words National
Federation of the Blind written in dark blue.  These aprons have
two pockets in them and tie about the waist.  They sell for $4.00
each.  Chapters or state affiliates wishing to purchase
quantities would be offered a substantial price break.  To order
write to Dottie Neely, Fundraising Chairperson, Jefferson City
Chapter, 201 A Dix Road, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101 or call
(314) 635-3032 or (314) 634-3865.  These aprons even hold NFB
literature during information picketing."

**Bark Once For Red:
  This summer an Associated Press story was widely carried
throughout the nation.  It varied in detail but had the same
theme.  For whatever it may be worth, here it is:

Every Dog Has His Drive

  Louisville, Ky.--William Bowen insisted that he couldn't be
charged with driving under the influence of alcohol because he
wasn't driving his car--his dog was.
  Bowen, 34, is legally blind.
  He was arrested April 26 after officers saw his car weaving.
  Bowen said he had an argument in a tavern with his girlfriend,
who left him, and was stuck with the car and no way to get home
for him or his guide dog, Sir Anheuser Busch 2d, also known as
Bud.
  Bowen took the wheel and put Bud in the passenger seat.  Bud
barked to tell him the colors of each traffic light he
approached.  When reminded that dogs are color blind, Bowen said
Bud had been trained to distinguish changing lights, barking
twice for green and once for red.
  Bowen finally pleaded guilty.

**Consumer Express:
  We have been asked to announce that those who wish to enter a
business selling home products including foods, health foods,
health care products, and other consumer items should contact
Donna Hemp, 307 Fifth Avenue S.E., Rugby, North Dakota 58368. 
Consumer Express is a company building a nationwide network of
sales outlets through personal sales representatives.  Sales are
made from the home, and many who have worked in this business are
said to have made substantial commissions.

**Comments on VersaPoints:
  Dr. T. V. Cranmer, Chairman of the
Research and Development Committee of the National Federation of
the Blind, writes as follows:
  "Telesensory Systems, Inc. asks that we announce the
availability of their new Braille embosser called 'VersaPoints.' 
Members of our technical committees examined the embosser while
it was on display in the exhibit room of our 1986 convention. 
Impressions of the printer are generally favorable given the
circumstances for observing the machine in operation.  It was not
possible to judge accurately the noise level of the machine
against the background sounds of the exhibit area.  It would also
be impossible to judge its reliability without more extensive
tests.  Our committees will pursue opportunities for further
evaluation of this machine and other competitive products."

**Crime Prevention for the Blind:
  Do the blind need adequate food?  Yes.  Does that mean that
there should be a special program, special rules, or a special
type of nutrition for the blind?  Certainly the answer is no. 
The fact that one is blind and that one eats does not mean that
the process is different from that which is followed by others. 
How about wearing shoes, shaking hands, or saying a prayer?  Then
how about crime prevention?  Nobody would be so foolish? 
Consider the following letter:

                 Wellington, New Zealand August 1, 1986

Dear Sir:
  I am the National Co-ordinator for Community Liaison for the
New Zealand Police.
  The police have been approached by the New Zealand Association
of the Blind and Partially Blind who have expressed concern about
the growing harassment of blind people in urban streets in this
country.  Some blind people have been assaulted, and some have
been theft and robbery victims.
  I can find no literature on crime prevention for the blind
which would assist me in offering advice on this matter.
  I would be grateful if you could advise me on any source of
crime prevention advice for blind people.

                       Yours faithfully, Tom Nunan, Chief
Inspector

**Elected:
  The Douglas County Chapter of the NFB
of Kansas recently elected the following slate of officers and
board members:  President, Cindy Hallenbeck; Vice President, Tom
Anderson; Secretary-Treasurer, Robert Tabor; and Board Members
Barbara Lumley and Sharon Luka.

**South Carolina Convention:  Frank Coppel writes:
  The 30th annual state convention of the NFB of South Carolina
was held on August 8, 9, and 10 at the Holiday Inn in Columbia. 
Over 200 Federationists, representing twenty-six chapters and
three statewide divisions, registered for the convention.  Also
in attendance was the newly elected President of the NFB, Marc
Maurer, who was attending a state convention as National
President for the first time.  Two of the more interesting
presentations made this year were a panel discussion presented by
the newly organized Parents of Blind Children Division, which
dealt with the purpose and need to have such a division in this
state; and a report on the Children's Camp that was sponsored by
the NFB of South Carolina during the month of June.  One of the
high points of the convention was the luncheon held on Saturday
afternoon, at which Carroll Campbell, Congressman from South
Carolina and Republican Nominee for Governor, spoke.  At the
Saturday evening banquet Mr. Maurer's moving address was heard by
over 170 Federationists.  On Sunday morning the following people
were elected to office:  President, Donald C. Capps; First Vice
President, Robert R. Bell; Second Vice President, Jimmie Smith;
Secretary, Mary Middleton; and Treasurer, Frank Coppel.

**Article Published:
  The Summer, 1986, Journal of Experiential Education carries an
article by Colorado Federationists Kennan Cole and Dr. Homer
Page.  Entitled "Growing Up Blind," the article talks about the
effect on the lives of blind people of our annual March on
Washington and on the impact which adult role models have on
blind youth.  The last paragraph of the article reads:
  "Blind adults and blind youth are bound together in spite of
efforts of parents, teachers, or even blind youths themselves to
deny this reality.  Programs which bring blind youth and adults
together are of major importance to the future opportunities of
these youth to live fulfilling, successful, and truly productive
lives."

**Resource for Blind Diabetics:
  Ed Bryant, one of the leaders of the Diabetic Division of the
NFB, has asked that we carry the following announcement:
  "If you are a blind diabetic, you may receive Diabetes in the
News (DITN) on cassette tape at no charge.  This is a bimonthly
publication which deals with all phases of sugar diabetes.  You
should contact you state library for the blind and physically
handicapped to receive this tape.  If they do not provide this
service, then you can contact the following for your
complimentary tapes: Mr. Brian Lopez, South Dakota Library for
the Blind and Physically Handicapped, 800 North Illinois, Pierre,
South Dakota 57501; (605) 773-3514."

**Elected:
  On September 6, 1986, elections were held for the Berks County
Chapter, NFB of Pennsylvania, with John W. Smith re- elected as
President, Tom Kehr as Vice President, Millie Jennings as
Secretary, Jack Jennings as Treasurer, and John Nemec as Board
Member.

**Reviewers Wanted:
  We have been asked to carry the following announcement:
  "The Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
(OSERS), U.S.  Department of Education, is expanding its register
of technical experts and professionals to evaluate proposals and
grant applications for the National Institute of Handicapped
Research (NIHR), Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA),
and the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP).  For further
information, interested individuals should contact OSERS by
calling (202) 732-1723 between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. EST or by
writing: Field Reader System, OSERS, Mail Stop 2304, Switzer
Building, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C. 20202."

**Kurzweil for Sale:
  We have been asked to carry the following announcement:
  "For Sale: Kurzweil Reading Machine, model 3, in good
condition.  All reasonable offers will be considered.  Contact J.
Klauber, Suffolk Cooperative Library System, 627 North Sunrise
Service Road, Bellport, New York 11713; (516) 286-1600."

**Brite Music Enterprises:
  We have been asked to carry the following announcement:
  "Janiece Betker is now a distributor for Brite Music
Enterprises, creators of lively entertaining and educational
music for children.  Music can be bought on cassette or LP
records.  Sing-along books, which are also coloring books, can be
purchased separately.  We also have activity books, wood puzzles,
and boutique items.  Inkprint information will be sent on
request.  For a cassette listing of titles and prices send either
$1.00 or a C-60 or longer.  For a demo tape of the music itself
please send $2.00 or a good quality C-90.  If you send $2.00 it
will be refunded upon return of the tape or will be deducted from
your first purchase upon return of the demo tape.  Write to
Janiece Betker, 1886 - 29th Avenue N.W., New Brighton, Minnesota
55112; 612-639-1435."

**Catalog Available from Howe Press:  We have been asked to carry
the following announcement:
  "Howe Press is pleased to announce that a new supply of
catalogs has been received.  The catalog includes Braillers,
drawing and mathematical supplies, Braille paper, and slates.  To
receive the free catalog write to the address below and specify
print or Braille.  By signing up to receive the catalog you will
be assured of receiving Howe Press mailings on a regular basis: 
Howe Press, Perkins School for the Blind, 175 North Beacon
Street, Watertown, Massachusetts 02172l; 617-924- 3490."

**National Scholarship Research Service:  Jim Mitchell, President
of the Student
Division of the National Federation of the Blind, asks that we
carry the following announcement:
  "The National Scholarship Research
Service (NSRS) provides information on financial assistance for
college students through a computerized search of organizational
and foundation sources.  NSRS provides information for
undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral programs. 
Additionally, funding for international studies and for non-U.S. 
citizen students is also offered.  This is the most effective and
efficient way to identify sources of funds from the private
sector.  For students who are sponsored by a state rehabilitation
agency, this provides an excellent opportunity to fulfill
"similar benefits" requirements and supplement current levels of
support.  For the rehabilitation professional, this provides the
simplest and least expensive route to insure that students are
fully supported.  The cost of a basic search is $45, with
renewals processed for $10.  For information and applications
contact: Jim E. Mitchell, 2752 Middleton Avenue #29-H, Durham,
North Carolina 27705; 919-383-2125.  Inquire about volume
discounts and special offers for groups."

**Two Signatures:
  President Maurer writes as follows:  "This morning, September
15, 1986, I
received a telephone call from Vivian Cox of Beckley, West
Virginia, who asked if it was legal for her bank to require two
signatures on her check.  She said that some months ago officials
of the Beckley National Bank informed her that because she was
blind she must have a sighted person countersign her checks.  The
bank didn't care who signed--a friend, a passing stranger, a
Greyhound bus driver passing through--anybody.  But it did insist
that some sighted person must sign.  Vivian said that this was
inconvenient, and she stopped doing it.  Now the bank has called
to say that she hasn't been 'following instructions.'  Vivian
asked me what she should do.  I suggested that she tell bank
officials that they did not make the law.  Requiring Vivian to
have a sighted person sign her checks is a violation of the West
Virginia White Cane Law, and it is probably a violation of the
West Virginia Human Rights Act.  I advised her to file a
complaint with the West Virginia Human Rights Commission.  Vivian
told me that she would file the complaint and that she would
refuse to be treated like a child or like a person who was
retarded or deranged.  If she needed more help, Vivian told me
she would call.  This is one more bank and one more case of
discrimination.  It is one more reason for the existence of the
National Federation of the Blind."

**For Sale:
  Jerry Hathaway, a member of the Salt Lake City Chapter, asks
that we carry the following announcement:
  I have an old closed circuit Apollo brand reading machine.  I
am not able to use it with efficiency any more because of my
visual condition, and I would like to sell it.  I am willing to
negotiate price and terms.  Contact: Jerry Hathaway, 326 East 100
South, Apt. 201, Salt Lake City, Utah 84111, phone 801-359- 7034.

**Adroitly Combined:
  Disabled USA is a magazine published four times a year by the
President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped.  In a
recent issue the testimony of the National Federation of the
Blind given in March before the Senate Committee on Small
Business Affairs on S 2147 by Director of Governmental Affairs
James Gashel was reprinted with preliminary editorial comment. 
The Disabled USA editors said in part:
  "Testifying before the Senate Committee, the National
Federation of the Blind registered objections to what the bill
intends to do regarding sheltered workshops.  Reprinting the
testimony in Disabled USA should not be taken as an endorsement
either for or against the bill.  Instead, it is reprinted because
it adroitly reviews an important area of controversy regarding
employment and persons with disabilities (20 percent of employed
working-age blind persons labor in sheltered workshops), and
because it is a good model of how facts and opinions can be
combined for effective testimony."

**1986-87 Catalog Available:
  The 1986-87 Option Central catalog is available in all formats:
large print is free, Braille costs $1.00, and cassette costs
$1.00, or it is free if a blank C- 60 cassette is supplied. 
Catalog includes expanded housewares, writing products, and
personal product categories.  Contact: Option Central, Fred
Sanderson, Proprietor, 1604 Carroll Avenue, Green Bay, Wisconsin
54304; telephone (414) 498-9699.

**Amway:
  We have been asked to carry the following announcement:
  "Introducing International Disabled Marketing Associates Amway
Products Catalog Collection.  This exciting six
cassette/literature catalog collection consists of more than
5,000 Amway and Amway distributed products and services.  The
cassette and literature portions can be purchased separately or
together.  Please note that the cassette portion is updated
annually free of charge for both customers and distributors.  Six
cassettes with album only cost $6.00.  Literature with album only
costs $6.00.  Six cassettes with literature together cost $10.00. 
Make your check or money order payable to Mr. Jack E. Morgan and
send it to International Disabled Marketing Associates, 438
Cypress Street, Lehighton, Pennsylvania 18235, or telephone
215-377-4650.  Please feel free to call collect."

**Commemorative Plates:  Jan Ray writes:
  "For sale: Commemorative Plates of Dr.  Jacobus tenBroek and
Dr. Kenneth Jernigan.  $15.00 per plate (includes shipping). 
Please contact: National Federation of the Blind of Iowa, 4035
Holcomb, Des Moines, Iowa 50310; phone 515-274-1341."

**Blind Missourian:  Tom Stevens writes:
  "We in Missouri regard the Blind Missourian as a fine
publication.  We would like to share with other Federationists
who may be interested.  It is the bi-monthly publication of the
state affiliate, presently averaging twenty pages per issue on
8-1/2 by 11 paper.  It is available on tape or in print at $5.00
per year, returnable tape for subscription.  Send check and
address to: Gary Wunder, 503-K Columbia Drive, Columbia, Missouri
65201."

**The West Point Rule Applies:
  As everyone knows, West Point is the training academy for
United States Army officers.  It has developed a rigid code of
honor and a system of ethics considered essential for an officer
and a gentleman--and, presumably, in these days also a lady.  If
a West Point cadet is asked a question and fails in the answer to
volunteer relevant information, it is regarded as "quibbling" and
is treated as a serious offense.  In the Third Quarter 1986
edition of Awareness (the newsletter published by the American
Foundation for the Blind's parents' group) there is an article
discussing the "Fair Insurance Coverage Act" for the blind bill
now before Congress.  The bill is treated positively, and readers
are urged to support it; but there is not even a hint that the
whole thing has been set in motion and promoted by the National
Federation of the Blind.  By withholding relevant information the
newsletter engages in attempted deception.  The West Point rule
applies.
